POST UTME ACHIEVERS UNIVERSITY 2018 Biology | Objective

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Question 1
In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'a' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 'AA'?
Correct A. 0.64
B. 0.36
C. 0.16
D. 0.04

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2
A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. Identify the organelle labeled 'A'.
Correct A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Cell wall
D. Chloroplast

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3
A bacterium is placed in a medium with a pH of 5.5. If the bacterium has a pH optimum of 7.0, what can be concluded about the growth rate of the bacterium?
A. The bacterium will grow at a rate of 50% of its maximum rate.
Correct B. The bacterium will grow at a rate of 25% of its maximum rate.
C. The bacterium will grow at a rate of 100% of its maximum rate.
D. The bacterium will not grow at all.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4
A diagram of a human respiratory system is shown below. Identify the part labeled 'A'.
Correct A. Lungs
B. Trachea
C. Diaphragm
D. Bronchi

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5
A diagram of a DNA molecule is shown below. Identify the part labeled 'A'.
Correct A. Double helix
B. Adenine
C. Thymine
D. Guanine

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6
The process of gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by the movement of the diaphragm and the rib cage. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the diaphragm contributes to this process?
Correct A. Inhalation of air into the lungs causes the diaphragm to contract and move downward, increa\sing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
B. Exhalation of air from the lungs causes the diaphragm to relax and move upward, decrea\sing the volume of the thoracic cavity.
C. The diaphragm plays no role in gas exchange in the lungs.
D. The diaphragm is responsible for regulating the temperature of the blood in the lungs.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7
The human eye is composed of several layers, including the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and retina. Which of the following best describes the function of the lens in the eye?
A. The lens is responsible for regulating the amount of light that enters the eye.
Correct B. The lens is responsible for focu\sing light onto the retina.
C. The lens is responsible for producing tears to lubricate the eye.
D. The lens is responsible for regulating the pressure in the eye.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8
The process of cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glu\cose to produce energy in the form of ATP. Which of the following best describes the overall equation for cellular respiration?
Correct A. \( C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP \)
B. \( C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O \)
C. \( C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36ATP \)
D. \( C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 2ATP \)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9
The human body is composed of several systems, including the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. Which of the following best describes the primary function of the skeletal system?
Correct A. The skeletal system provides support and structure to the body.
B. The skeletal system is responsible for producing blood cells.
C. The skeletal system is responsible for regulating body temperature.
D. The skeletal system is responsible for producing hormones.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10
The process of evolution involves the change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which natural selection acts on a population?
Correct A. Natural selection acts on the frequency of alleles in a population by favoring individuals with advantageous traits.
B. Natural selection acts on the frequency of alleles in a population by favoring individuals with disadvantageous traits.
C. Natural selection acts on the frequency of alleles in a population by randomly selecting individuals.
D. Natural selection acts on the frequency of alleles in a population by selecting individuals based on their social status.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11
In a photosynthetic pathway, which of the following pigments is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in the blue-violet region of the visible spectrum?
A. Chlorophyll a
B. Chlorophyll b
C. Carotenoids
Correct D. Phycobiliproteins

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12
A population of a species is found in a habitat with limited resources. Which of the following evolutionary adaptations would most likely occur in this population?
A. Increased body size
B. Increased reproductive rate
Correct C. Specialized feeding structures
D. Behavioral adaptations

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13
A bio\logist is studying the classification of living organisms. Which of the following kingdoms is characterized by the presence of cell walls made of chitin?
A. Animalia
B. Plantae
Correct C. Fungi
D. Protista

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14
A tissue engineer is designing a scaffold for tissue regeneration. Which of the following types of tissue would most likely require a scaffold with a high degree of porosity?
A. Epithelial tissue
Correct B. Connective tissue
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15
A community eco\logist is studying the trophic levels of a food web. Which of the following organisms would most likely be a primary consumer?
A. Grass
Correct B. Mouse
C. Snake
D. Eagle

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16
In asexual reproduction, what is the primary mechanism by which genetic variation is introduced into a population?
A. Mutation
B. Genetic drift
C. Gene flow
Correct D. Genetic recombination

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17
What is the primary function of the xylem in plants?
Correct A. Transport of water and minerals
B. Transport of sugars and amino acids
C. Support and structure
D. Storage of food

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18
In the process of digestion, what is the primary enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins?
A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Pep\sin
Correct D. Tryp\sin

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19
What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body's tissues?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Active transport
Correct D. Passive transport

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Cell signaling
Correct C. Energy production
D. Cell division

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21
In a eukaryotic cell, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for ______.
A. protein synthesis
B. cell signaling
Correct C. protein modification and transport
D. cell division

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22
The process of diffusion is an example of ______.
A. active transport
Correct B. passive transport
C. osmosis
D. facilitated diffusion

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23
The human eye has a blind spot located in the ______.
A. fovea centralis
Correct B. optic disc
C. macula lutea
D. retina

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24
The process of cellular respiration occurs in the ______.
Correct A. mitochondria
B. nucleus
C. cytoplasm
D. lysosome

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25
The human heart has four chambers: the ______.
A. left atrium and left ventricle
B. right atrium and right ventricle
Correct C. left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle
D. left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle

Correct Answer: C

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