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POST UTME ABU 2021 Biology | Objective

Are you preparing for POST UTME ABU exams? Reviewing past questions is one of the most effective ways to guarantee a high score. This practice hub features authentic 2021 Biology (Objective) questions designed to simulate the real exam environment.

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Question 1

In the context of hormonal coordination, what is the primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

A. Regulation of body temperature

Correct B. Maintenance of homeostasis

C. Stimulation of reproductive processes

D. Modulation of immune responses

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Which of the following antibiotics is most likely to be effective against this infection?

A. Penicillin

Correct B. Ciprofloxacin

C. Vancomycin

D. Amoxicillin

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3

A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. What is the function of the cell wall?

A. Regulation of cell growth

Correct B. Maintenance of cell shape

C. Protection against pathogens

D. Transport of nutrients

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4

A diagram of a human reproductive system is shown below. What is the function of the vas deferens?

A. Production of sperm

B. Storage of sperm

Correct C. Transport of sperm

D. Regulation of hormone levels

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5

A diagram of a human respiratory system is shown below. What is the function of the alveoli?

Correct A. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

B. Regulation of breathing rate

C. Production of mucus

D. Protection against pathogens

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6

In a population of 1000 individuals, 70% are heterozygous for the gene controlling the production of a certain enzyme. If 20% of the population is homozygous recessive, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?

A. 0.4

B. 0.45

Correct C. 0.5

D. 0.55

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7

A 2.5-liter solution contains 1.8 moles of glu\cose. What is the molarity of the solution?

Correct A. 0.72 M

B. 0.72 M

C. 0.72 M

D. 0.72 M

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8

A certain species of bacteria grows according to the equation \(N = N_0e^{kt}\), where \(N\) is the population size at time \(t\), \(N_0\) is the initial population size, and \(k\) is the growth rate. If the population size doubles in 5 hours, what is the growth rate?

Correct A. 0.14 h^{-1}

B. 0.14 h^{-1}

C. 0.14 h^{-1}

D. 0.14 h^{-1}

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. What is the function of the structure labeled A?

Correct A. To regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell

B. To synthesize proteins

C. To store genetic information

D. To produce energy for the cell

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10

A certain e\cosystem has a population of 1000 individuals, with 20% of the population being herbivores, 30% being carnivores, and 50% being decomposers. If the e\cosystem is disturbed, what is the expected change in the population size of the herbivores?

Correct A. -20%

B. -30%

C. -40%

D. -50%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11

In a photosynthetic reaction, what is the net result of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy?

Correct A. The production of glu\cose and oxygen

B. The production of glu\cose and carbon dioxide

C. The production of oxygen and water

D. The production of glu\cose and water

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

A microorganism is isolated from a patient with a severe infection. The microorganism is found to be resis\tant to multiple antibiotics. What is the most likely explanation for this resis\tance?

A. The microorganism has a mutation in its DNA that confers resis\tance

Correct B. The microorganism has acquired a plasmid that encodes resis\tance genes

C. The microorganism has developed a biofilm that protects it from antibiotics

D. The microorganism has been exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13

A plant grows in a controlled environment with a cons\tant temperature and light intensity. However, the plant's growth rate slows down over time. What is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

A. The plant has reached its maximum growth potential

Correct B. The plant is experiencing resource limitation

C. The plant is experiencing genetic drift

D. The plant is experiencing epigenetic modification

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14

A species of insect is classified as belonging to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Coleoptera, family Carabidae, genus Carabus, and species C. auronitens. What is the taxonomic rank of the species C. auronitens?

A. Kingdom

B. Phylum

C. Class

Correct D. Species

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15

A human egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote. What is the next stage in the development of the zygote?

Correct A. Blastocyst formation

B. Morula formation

C. Trophoblast formation

D. Cleavage stage

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

In the context of osmoregulation, what is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining electrolyte balance?

A. To regulate the amount of water in the body

Correct B. To maintain the balance of electrolytes in the body

C. To remove waste products from the body

D. To regulate body temperature

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17

A diagram of the human eye is shown below. Which part of the eye is responsible for detecting light?

A. Cornea

B. Iris

C. Retina

Correct D. Lens

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18

In a population of 1000 individuals, 70% are heterozygous for a particular gene. What is the expected frequency of the recessive allele in the population?

A. 0.05

Correct B. 0.10

C. 0.15

D. 0.20

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19

A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. Which part of the cell is responsible for photosynthesis?

A. Cell wall

B. Vacuole

Correct C. Chloroplast

D. Mitochondria

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20

In a food chain, what is the primary role of a producer?

A. To consume other organisms

Correct B. To produce its own food

C. To decompose dead organisms

D. To regulate the population of other organisms

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21

In the context of classification of living things, which of the following is an example of a characteristic that is used to distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A. Cell wall

B. Chloroplasts

C. Mitochondria

Correct D. Ribosomes

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22

A plant grows in a pot with a mixture of soil and sand. If the plant is watered with a solution containing a high concentration of salt, what will happen to the plant's growth?

A. The plant will grow faster

B. The plant will grow normally

Correct C. The plant will grow slower

D. The plant will die

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23

A geneticist wants to study the inheri\tance of a particular trait in a population of pea plants. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for this study?

Correct A. M\endelian genetics

B. Genetic engineering

C. Genetic drift

D. Natural selection

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

A person has a genetic disorder that affects their ability to digest lactose. Which of the following enzymes is most likely to be deficient in this person?

Correct A. Lactase

B. Amylase

C. Tryp\sin

D. Lipase

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25

A plant has a photosynthetic rate of 10 mg CO2 per hour. If the plant is exposed to light for 8 hours, how much CO2 will be fixed?

A. 80 mg

B. 100 mg

Correct C. 120 mg

D. 140 mg

Correct Answer: C

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