neco model questions vol1 2024 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A simple pendulum is set up using a thin string and a small metal bob. The length of the string is measured with a metre rule and recorded as 0.500 m. The time for 20 complete oscillations is measured with a stopwatch on three separate trials, giving the results shown in the table below. | Trial | Time for 20 oscillations (s) | |-------|------------------------------| | 1 | 28.4 | | 2 | 28.6 | | 3 | 28.5 | Using the data obtained, answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average period of one oscillation (in seconds).
(b)
Using the average period obtained in part (a), calculate the experimental value of the acceleration due to gravity g (in m s⁻²). Use the formula \(T = 2\pi\sqrt{L/g}\).
(c)
Determine the percentage error of the experimental value of g obtained in part (b) relative to the accepted value \(g = 9.80\) m s⁻².
(d)
State two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest a method to minimise each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is used to determine the resultant of two forces acting in the same plane. The following forces are applied: - Force \(F_{1}\) = 5.0 N acting at \(30^{\circ}\) north of east. - Force \(F_{2}\) = 8.0 N acting at \(120^{\circ}\) measured anticlockwise from the east direction. Using the data, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each force into its east‑west (x) and north‑south (y) components (in newtons, to three significant figures).
(b)
Using the components obtained in part (a), calculate the magnitude and direction (angle north of east) of the resultant force \(R\). Give the magnitude to three significant figures and the direction to one decimal place.
(c)
When the same forces are added graphically using the parallelogram method on the force table, a slightly different magnitude of \(9.2\) N is obtained. Discuss two reasons why the graphical result may differ from the analytical result of part (b) and suggest how the accuracy of the graphical method can be improved.
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Question 3 View Details
A low‑friction cart is released from rest at the top of a smooth inclined plane. The motion is recorded with a ticker timer set to 0.02 s intervals. The distances between successive dots (in centimetres) are shown in the table below. The angle of the incline is measured with a protractor. | Interval (i) | Distance between successive dots (cm) | |--------------|----------------------------------------| | 1 | 1.2 | | 2 | 1.6 | | 3 | 2.0 | | 4 | 2.5 | | 5 | 3.0 | Measured angle of the plane, θ = 15.0° (to the nearest 0.1°).
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the instantaneous speed of the cart at the end of each interval (i = 1 to 5). Show all steps.
(b)
Using the speeds obtained in part (a), construct a v² versus s graph (where s is the cumulative distance from the start of the motion). From the straight‑line graph, determine the gradient and hence the experimental acceleration of the cart. State the relationship you used.
(c)
Theoretically, the acceleration of a body sliding down a frictionless plane is aₜ = g sinθ, where g = 9.81 m s⁻². Calculate aₜ using the measured angle, compare it with the experimental value obtained in part (b) and discuss two possible sources of error that could account for any discrepancy.
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Question 4 View Details
A helical spring is hung vertically from a fixed support. A set of standard masses is added successively and the corresponding extensions of the spring are recorded. The data obtained are shown below. | Mass (kg) | Extension (cm) | |-----------|----------------| | 0.10 | 1.2 | | 0.20 | 2.4 | | 0.30 | 3.5 | | 0.40 | 4.8 | | 0.50 | 5.9 | (Assume g = 9.81 m s⁻² and that the spring obeys Hooke’s law within the range of the experiment.)
Question Parts
(a)
Convert the masses to loads (N) and plot load (N) against extension (m). From the straight‑line graph, determine the gradient and calculate the spring constant k. State the relationship you used.
(b)
Using the spring constant obtained in part (a), calculate the load required to stretch the spring by 5.0 cm. Show your calculation.
(c)
A wooden block of mass 0.25 kg is placed on a horizontal table and attached to the same spring. The block is pulled horizontally with a constant force of 2.0 N. Predict the extension of the spring and comment on whether Hooke’s law is still applicable for this extension.
(d)
Identify three systematic sources of error that could affect the determination of the spring constant and suggest a method to minimise each error.
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