Practice neco model questions vol1 government 2024 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A local government has a total budget of $120$ million naira to fund three projects A, B and C. The funding for A and B must be in the ratio 3:2. Each project must receive at least the following minimum amounts: A - $30$ million, B - $20$ million, C - $25$ million. In addition, the amount allocated to C is required to be exactly twice the amount by which the allocation to A exceeds its minimum. Determine the amount (in million naira) allocated to each project.

A. A \approx 56.25 million, B \approx 37.50 million, C \approx 26.25 million

B. A \approx 40.00 million, B \approx 60.00 million, C \approx 20.00 million

C. A \approx 40.91 million, B \approx 27.27 million, C \approx 51.82 million

Correct D. A $\approx$ 49.09 million, B $\approx$ 32.73 million, C $\approx$ 38.18 million

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

In a federation there are five states with populations: A - 4 million, B - 3 million, C - 2 million, D - 1 million and E - 0.5 million. The national assembly has $30$ seats. Each state is guaranteed a minimum of 2 seats and the remaining seats are distributed proportionally to population using the Hamilton method. Calculate the number of seats allocated to each state.

A. A 9, B 8, C 5, D 5, E 3

B. A 9, B 9, C 6, D 4, E 2

C. A 10, B 8, C 6, D 4, E 2

Correct D. A 9, B 8, C 6, D 4, E 3

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

During a national election the vote shares of the five parties are: Party X 40 %, Party Y 25 %, Party Z 15 %, Party W 12 % and Party V 8 %. Using the Laakso‑Taagepera formula $N = \frac{1}{\sum p_i^{2}}$ where $p_i$ are the vote shares expressed as fractions, compute the effective number of parties. State the value to two decimal places.

A. 2.95

B. 4.12

C. 5.03

Correct D. 3.76

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

A ministry evaluates its performance using four indicators with weights 30 %, 25 %, 20 % and 25 % respectively. The target scores (out of 100) and the actual scores obtained are: Indicator 1 - target 80, actual 70; Indicator 2 - target 70, actual 65; Indicator 3 - target 90, actual 85; Indicator 4 - target 60, actual 55. Compute the weighted performance index (as a percentage) and state whether it meets the minimum acceptable level of 70 %.

A. 68.45 % (fails the 70 % threshold)

B. 73.12 % (meets the 70 % threshold)

C. 85.00 % (meets the 70 % threshold)

Correct D. 91.27 % (meets the 70 % threshold)

Correct Answer: D

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Question 5 View Details

A local government's own‑source revenue (OSR) consists of property rates and market taxes. In year 1 the collections are $12$ million and $8$ million respectively. The state government pays a conditional grant each year equal to 20 % of the total OSR of the preceding year. Property rates are expected to grow by 5 % per year and market taxes by 3 % per year. Calculate the OSR and the total revenue (OSR + grant) for year 3, giving answers in million naira to two decimal places.

A. OSR₃ ≈ 22.05 million; total revenue ≈ 26.22 million

B. OSR₃ ≈ 20.84 million; total revenue ≈ 25.01 million

Correct C. OSR₃ ≈ 21.72 million; total revenue ≈ 25.89 million

D. OSR₃ ≈ 21.72 million; total revenue ≈ 26.06 million

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

A bill has been passed by both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The President receives the bill but does not sign it within the prescribed period. According to the 1999 Constitution, what is the next step that the National Assembly must take for the bill to become law?

Correct A. The National Assembly must reconvene and obtain a two‑thirds majority in each House to override the President's inaction; once that majority is secured, the bill becomes law.

B. The National Assembly must reconvene and obtain a simple majority in each House to override the President's inaction; once that majority is secured, the bill becomes law.

C. The President must be given a second opportunity to sign the bill within an additional 30‑day period before any further action by the National Assembly.

D. The bill is automatically enacted into law after the prescribed period lapses without any further action by the National Assembly.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

In a state, the legislature passes a law that includes a clause allowing the legislature to appoint members of the State Executive Council. Evaluate the constitutionality of this clause in light of the principle of separation of powers, and state which constitutional principle it breaches.

Correct A. The clause is unconstitutional; it breaches the principle of separation of powers (checks‑and‑balances) by allowing the legislature to perform an executive function.

B. The clause is unconstitutional; it breaches the principle of federalism because it intrudes on the powers reserved to the states.

C. The clause is constitutional; it reinforces the principle of checks‑and‑balances by giving the legislature oversight over the executive.

D. The clause is constitutional; it merely delegates an administrative task to the legislature, which does not violate any constitutional principle.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

A local government council has an annual revenue of $\text{N}10,000,000$. By law, at least 30 % must be allocated to basic services, no more than 20 % to administrative expenses, and the remainder to development projects. The council wishes to allocate 55 % of the total revenue to development projects. Determine whether this is permissible, and if not, calculate the maximum percentage that can be allocated to development projects while satisfying the other constraints.

A. Not permissible; the maximum development allocation is 45 % of the total revenue.

B. Permissible; the council can allocate 55 % to development projects.

C. Not permissible; the maximum development allocation is 60 % of the total revenue.

Correct D. Not permissible; the maximum development allocation is 50 % of the total revenue.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 9 View Details

An amendment to the 1999 Constitution is being considered. The Senate (total seats $109$) votes $210$ in favour, and the House of Representatives (total seats $360$) votes $360$ in favour. To be adopted, the amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in both houses and ratification by a majority of the 36 states. After parliamentary voting, $30$ states ratify the amendment. Does the amendment satisfy the constitutional requirements? Also, state the minimum number of votes required in the Senate to meet the two‑thirds threshold.

Correct A. Yes, the amendment satisfies all requirements; the Senate needs at least 73 votes to meet the two‑thirds threshold.

B. No, the amendment does not satisfy all requirements; the Senate needs at least 73 votes to meet the two‑thirds threshold.

C. Yes, the amendment satisfies all requirements; the Senate needs at least 72 votes to meet the two‑thirds threshold.

D. Yes, the amendment satisfies all requirements; the Senate needs at least 74 votes to meet the two‑thirds threshold.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

The President issues an executive order that conflicts with a law passed by the National Assembly. Which institution has the authority to resolve this conflict, and what is the likely outcome for the executive order?

A. The President resolves the conflict and will likely amend the executive order to align with the law, keeping it partially effective.

B. The National Assembly resolves the conflict and will likely uphold the executive order, allowing it to remain in effect.

Correct C. The Supreme Court resolves the conflict and will likely declare the executive order unconstitutional, rendering it invalid.

D. The Constitutional Council resolves the conflict and will likely declare the executive order constitutional, preserving its validity.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11 View Details

A civil suit for breach of contract worth $5$ million Naira is filed in the Federal High Court. The Federal High Court dismisses the case and the plaintiff wishes to appeal. Identify the court that has jurisdiction to hear the appeal and explain why the State High Court cannot entertain this appeal.

A. The Federal High Court of Appeal (Federal) is the proper appellate court; the State High Court cannot hear the appeal because it lacks jurisdiction over federal matters and over contracts exceeding the State High Court monetary limit.

Correct B. The Federal Court of Appeal (Federal) is the proper appellate court; the State High Court cannot hear the appeal because it lacks jurisdiction over federal matters and over contracts exceeding the State High Court monetary limit.

C. The Supreme Court is the proper appellate court; the State High Court cannot hear the appeal because it lacks jurisdiction over federal matters and over contracts exceeding the State High Court monetary limit.

D. The Court of Appeal (State) is the proper appellate court; the State High Court cannot hear the appeal because it lacks jurisdiction over federal matters and over contracts exceeding the State High Court monetary limit.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

A general election is scheduled for $30$ April 2024. The electoral law requires voter registration to be completed at least $30$ days before the election date. If a citizen turns $18$ years old on $15$ March 2024, by what date must they register to be eligible to vote in this election?

A. 15 March 2024

Correct B. 31 March 2024

C. 30 March 2024

D. 1 April 2024

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

Give two examples each of direct and indirect political participation that a Nigerian citizen can engage in.

A. Direct: joining a political party; contacting a representative. Indirect: voting in elections; attending a public rally.

B. Direct: signing a petition; posting on social media. Indirect: donating to a political campaign; attending a party conference.

Correct C. Direct: voting in elections; attending a public rally. Indirect: joining a political party; contacting a representative.

D. Direct: writing letters to the editor; donating money to a candidate. Indirect: attending a public rally; voting in elections.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14 View Details

During a peaceful protest, the police detain a protester for $48$ hours without a warrant and without charging him with any offence. Which principle of the rule of law is most clearly violated by this action?

A. The principle of separation of powers (checks and balances) is violated.

B. The principle of due process (right to a fair trial) is violated.

Correct C. The principle of legality (protection against arbitrary detention) is violated.

D. The principle of equality before the law (ensuring equal treatment) is violated.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

In a country that uses the first‑past‑the‑post system, there are ten constituencies. Party A receives $40$% of the total national vote, distributed equally across all ten constituencies. Party B receives $35$% of the total vote, but its support is concentrated so that it obtains a majority in four specific constituencies and negligible support elsewhere. Party C receives $25$% of the total vote, spread equally across the remaining six constituencies. How many seats does each party win?

Correct A. Party A: 6 seats; Party B: 4 seats; Party C: 0 seats.

B. Party A: 5 seats; Party B: 4 seats; Party C: 1 seat.

C. Party A: 6 seats; Party B: 3 seats; Party C: 1 seat.

D. Party A: 4 seats; Party B: 5 seats; Party C: 1 seat.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

Two pressure groups, Group A and Group B, are lobbying for environmental legislation. Group A has $150{,}000$ members and annual funding of $\text{₦}12$ million. Group B has $90{,}000$ members and annual funding of $\text{₦}18$ million. An effectiveness index is calculated by giving 40 % weight to membership (scaled to 100 for the group with the highest membership) and 60 % weight to funding (scaled to 100 for the group with the highest funding). Which group has the higher effectiveness index?

A. Group A

B. Neither group

C. Both groups have the same index

Correct D. Group B

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

In a $110$-seat parliament, four parties hold seats as follows: Party A - 45 seats, Party B - 30 seats, Party C - 25 seats, Party D - 10 seats. A majority requires more than half the seats. Party A refuses to form a coalition with Party C. What is the smallest possible coalition (by number of parties) that can achieve a majority while respecting this restriction?

A. Party A, Party D

B. Party B and Party C

C. Party A and Party C

Correct D. Party A and Party B

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

According to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which article guarantees the right to freedom of religion?

A. Article 35

Correct B. Article 38

C. Article 40

D. Article 42

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19 View Details

A civil dispute valued at $\text{₦}5$ million is first heard in the Federal High Court. The losing party appeals the decision to the Court of Appeal, and the matter is further appealed to the Supreme Court. Identify the court that has the final authority to decide the case and name the constitutional principle that empowers this court to review the lower courts' decisions.

A. Federal High Court; the principle of legislative supremacy (parliamentary authority)

Correct B. Supreme Court; the principle of judicial review (supremacy of the Constitution)

C. National Assembly; the principle of separation of powers (checks and balances)

D. Court of Appeal; the principle of stare decisis (binding precedent)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20 View Details

The United Nations regular budget for 2024 totals US\$100 billion. Nigeria contributes US\$0.5 billion, while the other member states together contribute the remaining amount. Currently, each member state has one vote in the General Assembly. A reform proposal suggests allocating voting weight in the General Assembly proportionally to each country's contribution, with the total of all weights equal to 100. Under this proposal, what would be Nigeria's voting weight, and would it be greater than, equal to, or less than its current weight of 1?

A. 0.5, greater than

B. 0.45, less than

C. 0.5, equal to

Correct D. 0.5, less than

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

List the three principal functions of government and give one concrete example of an activity that illustrates each function.

A. Legislative (e.g., passing laws), Executive (e.g., conducting elections), Judicial (e.g., managing public schools)

B. Legislative (e.g., creating regulations), Executive (e.g., adjudicating disputes), Judicial (e.g., implementing policies)

Correct C. Legislative (e.g., passing laws), Executive (e.g., implementing policies), Judicial (e.g., adjudicating disputes)

D. Legislative (e.g., drafting budgets), Executive (e.g., enforcing laws), Judicial (e.g., interpreting statutes)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22 View Details

Four political parties contest a single‑member constituency. The first‑preference vote shares are: Party A (35\%), Party B (30\%), Party C (20\%), Party D (15\%). Under the Alternative Vote system, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and their votes are redistributed according to the voters' next preferences. The (15\%) of votes for Party D are redistributed as (40\%\) to Party B, (35\%\) to Party C and (25\%\) to Party A. If no candidate has an absolute majority after this round, the candidate now with the lowest total is eliminated and their votes are redistributed according to the same pattern: (60\%\) to Party B and (40\%\) to Party A. Determine which party wins the seat under the Alternative Vote system.

A. Party C

Correct B. Party B

C. Party A

D. Party D

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

An individual files a civil suit in the Federal High Court for breach of contract claiming damages of N500,000. After the judgment, the plaintiff wishes to appeal. Identify the court that has jurisdiction to hear the appeal and calculate the total filing fee for the appeal if the fee is 2 % of the original claim amount plus a fixed charge of N5,000.

A. Federal High Court; N20,000

B. Supreme Court; N10,000

Correct C. Court of Appeal; N15,000

D. Court of Appeal; N25,000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

A law is passed by the National Assembly that imposes a tax on all internet transactions without providing for any procedural safeguards. A citizen challenges the law in court, arguing that it violates the principle of the rule of law. Explain which principle of the rule of law is most directly infringed and describe the judicial remedy that the court is likely to grant.

A. The principle of proportionality is infringed; the court will likely grant an injunction suspending the tax

B. The principle of separation of powers is infringed; the court will likely order the legislature to amend the statute

Correct C. The principle of legality/legal certainty is infringed; the court will likely exercise judicial review and declare the law invalid.

D. The principle of equality before the law is infringed; the court will likely issue a declaratory judgment upholding the law

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

Three pressure groups use different tactics to influence public policy. The influence points assigned to each tactic are: lobbying = 3 points, public campaign = 2 points, litigation = 5 points. Group X employs lobbying and public campaign; Group Y employs lobbying and litigation; Group Z employs public campaign only. Calculate the total influence score for each group and rank the groups from most to least influential.

A. Group Y > Group Z > Group X

B. Group X > Group Y > Group Z

Correct C. Group Y > Group X > Group Z

D. Group X > Group Z > Group Y

Correct Answer: C

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