neco model questions vol1 2024 agricultural_science | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A 0.5 ha maize field was surveyed for insect pests. The following numbers of individuals were recorded: | Species | Count | |---------|-------| | A | 40 | | B | 25 | | C | 15 | | D | 20 | Using the data, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the relative abundance (proportion) of each species in the sample.
(b)
Using Simpson's Diversity Index, D = Σ n_i (n_i‑1) / [N(N‑1)], where n_i is the count of species i and N is the total count, compute D for the sample.
(c)
State the Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1‑D) and briefly interpret the result for this field.
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Question 2 View Details
A soil sample was taken from a cultivated field to determine the lime requirement needed to raise the pH from its present value to a target of 6.5. Given data: - Measured soil pH = 5.2 - Bulk density = 1.3 g cm⁻³ - Sample depth for amendment = 15 cm - Recommended lime rate = 2.5 t ha⁻¹ per pH unit increase (based on pure CaCO₃) - Commercial lime purity = 90 % Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mass of soil (in tonnes) present in one hectare to a depth of 15 cm.
(b)
Determine the amount of pure CaCO₃ (in tonnes per hectare) required to raise the pH from 5.2 to 6.5 using the given lime rate.
(c)
State two important precautions that should be observed when applying lime to the field.
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Question 3 View Details
A farmer is testing a hand hoe for ergonomic efficiency. The hoe weighs 2.5 kg and its centre of gravity is 0.30 m from the blade tip. The blade length (from tip to the point where the handle is attached) is 0.20 m. The farmer applies a pulling force at the end of a 1.20 m long wooden handle, the force being directed 30° above the horizontal. Using the data provided, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the magnitude of the pulling force required to lift the hoe.
(b)
The farmer wishes to reduce the required pulling force by 20 % without changing the blade length. Determine the new handle length that will achieve this reduction.
(c)
State two practical precautions the farmer should observe when using the hoe to avoid injury.
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Question 4 View Details
A small diesel tractor (rated power 30 kW) is being evaluated for fuel efficiency under different loads. The following fuel‑consumption data were recorded during steady‑state operation on a level field: - No load (0 % of rated power): 5 L h⁻¹\n- 50 % load (15 kW): 8 L h⁻¹\n- Full load (100 % rated power, 30 kW): 12 L h⁻¹ Using the information above, answer the questions that follow:
Question Parts
(a)
State the fuel consumption per hour at no load and at full load.
(b)
Calculate the specific fuel consumption (SFC) in L kWh⁻¹ for the 50 % and 100 % load conditions and indicate which load gives the lower SFC.
(c)
Assuming fuel consumption varies linearly with load percentage, derive the linear equation for fuel consumption (F, in L h⁻¹) as a function of load percentage (x). Using this equation, estimate the fuel consumption and SFC at 75 % load and state whether the SFC at 75 % load is higher or lower than at 100 % load.
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