Practice neco model questions vol1 government 2021 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

What term describes a system of government in which power is shared between a central authority and regional governments?

A. Sovereigntism

B. Confederalism

C. Unitaryism

Correct D. Federalism

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

Name the three branches of government established by the Nigerian Constitution.

A. Executive, Parliament, Judiciary

B. Executive, Legislature, Police

C. President, Senate, Supreme Court

Correct D. Executive, Legislature, Judiciary

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

In Nigeria, a bill is passed by the National Assembly but the President refuses to sign it, claiming it violates the Constitution. The Supreme Court later declares the bill unconstitutional. Identify which branch performed each of the following functions: (i) drafting and passing the bill, (ii) refusing to sign the bill, (iii) declaring the bill unconstitutional. Then explain how this sequence illustrates the principle of separation of powers.

A. i) Legislature, ii) Judiciary, iii) Executive. The sequence shows checks and balances inherent in the separation of powers.

B. i) Executive, ii) Legislature, iii) Judiciary. The sequence shows checks and balances inherent in the separation of powers.

C. i) Judiciary, ii) Executive, iii) Legislature. The sequence shows checks and balances inherent in the separation of powers.

Correct D. i) Legislature, ii) Executive, iii) Judiciary. The sequence shows checks and balances inherent in the separation of powers.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

A civil dispute involving a contract worth \(\text{₦}5\) million arises between a private Nigerian company and a foreign corporation. The case is filed in the Federal High Court. Explain why the Federal High Court has jurisdiction over this case, and state which court would hear an appeal of the Federal High Court's decision.

A. The Federal High Court has jurisdiction because the case involves a foreign corporation and the sum exceeds ₦2 million. An appeal would be heard by the Court of Appeal.

B. The Federal High Court has jurisdiction because the case involves a foreign corporation and the sum exceeds ₦3 million. An appeal would be heard by the Supreme Court.

C. The Federal High Court has jurisdiction because the case involves a Nigerian company and the sum exceeds ₦5 million. An appeal would be heard by the Court of Appeal.

Correct D. The Federal High Court has jurisdiction because the case involves a foreign corporation and the sum exceeds ₦3 million. An appeal would be heard by the Court of Appeal.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 5 View Details

In the last general election, \(30\) million out of \(70\) million registered voters cast their votes. In a recent local government election, \(12\) million out of \(20\) million registered voters voted. Calculate the percentage turnout for each election, identify which election had the higher turnout, and discuss what this difference suggests about public participation at different levels of democracy in Nigeria.

A. General election turnout ≈ 42.9 %; local election turnout = 55 %. The general election had the higher turnout, indicating stronger public participation at the national level.

B. General election turnout ≈ 38 %; local election turnout = 62 %. The local election had the higher turnout, indicating stronger public participation at the local level.

C. General election turnout ≈ 45 %; local election turnout = 55 %. The local election had the higher turnout, indicating stronger public participation at the local level.

Correct D. General election turnout ≈ 42.9 %; local election turnout = 60 %. The local election had the higher turnout, indicating stronger public participation at the local level.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

A local government council receives three sources of revenue: property rates, a federal allocation, and market fees. The total assessed property value is \(\text{₦}800,000,000\) and the property rate is \(1.5\%\) of this assessed value. The federal allocation equals a fixed \(\text{₦}12,000,000\) plus \(0.8\%\) of the council's population, which is \(250,000\) people. The council's total annual revenue is \(\text{₦}45,000,000\). Market fees are charged at \(2\%\) of the combined annual turnover of four markets. The turnovers of the four markets form an arithmetic progression, and the total turnover is five times the sum of the two smallest markets. What is the annual turnover of the largest market (in naira)?

A. ₦498,000,000

B. ₦495,000,000

C. ₦502,500,000

Correct D. ₦498,702,500

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details

A state uses a mixed‑member proportional (MMP) system with 60 seats: 40 constituency seats elected by first‑past‑the‑post and 20 list seats to achieve overall proportionality. In the latest election three parties obtain the following vote shares: Party X 42 %, Party Y 35 %, Party Z 23 %. The constituency results are: Party X wins 28 seats, Party Y wins 10 seats, Party Z wins 2 seats. List seats are allocated using the Sainte‑Laguë method (divisors 1, 3, 5, 7, …) based on the vote shares. Determine how many list seats each party receives and the total number of seats each party holds after the allocation.

A. Party X gets 8 list seats (total 36), Party Y gets 6 list seats (total 16), Party Z gets 6 list seats (total 8).

B. Party X gets 7 list seats (total 35), Party Y gets 8 list seats (total 18), Party Z gets 5 list seats (total 7).

Correct C. Party X gets 8 list seats (total 36), Party Y gets 7 list seats (total 17), Party Z gets 5 list seats (total 7).

D. Party X gets 9 list seats (total 37), Party Y gets 6 list seats (total 16), Party Z gets 5 list seats (total 7).

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

In the International Monetary Fund (IMF) five member countries have quota shares as follows: A 12 %, B 18 %, C 25 %, D 30 %, E 15 %. A decision requires at least 85 % of the total voting power.\n(a) List all minimal winning coalitions (i.e., coalitions that meet the 85 % threshold and for which the removal of any single member would drop the total below 85 %).\n(b) Using the Banzhaf power index, compute the voting power of each country. Which country (or countries) has the greatest voting power?

A. Minimal winning coalitions: {A,B,D,E} and {B,C,D,E}. Banzhaf indices - A: 1/11, B: 2/11, C: 3/11, D: 4/11, E: 1/11. Countries D has the greatest voting power.

B. Minimal winning coalitions: {A,B,C,E} and {B,C,D,E}. Banzhaf indices - A: 0/11, B: 3/11, C: 3/11, D: 3/11, E: 2/11. Countries B, C and D have the greatest voting power.

C. Minimal winning coalitions: {A,B,C,D} and {A,C,D,E}. Banzhaf indices - A: 2/11, B: 2/11, C: 3/11, D: 3/11, E: 1/11. Countries C and D have the greatest voting power.

Correct D. Minimal winning coalitions: {A,B,C,D} and {B,C,D,E}. Banzhaf indices - A: 1/11, B: 3/11, C: 3/11, D: 3/11, E: 1/11. Countries B, C and D have the greatest voting power.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 9 View Details

A pressure‑group currently has 3,000 members. Each member pays an annual subscription of \(\text{₦}2,500\). The group also receives donations that equal 40 % of its subscription income. It spends 60 % of its total income on lobbying, 25 % on public‑education campaigns and the remaining 15 % on administration. The group wishes to increase its lobbying budget by \(\text{₦}1,200,000\) next year while keeping the same spending‑percentage pattern and assuming the donation‑to‑subscription ratio stays at 40 %. By how many additional members must the group increase its membership?

A. 480

Correct B. 572

C. 630

D. 515

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

According to the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, which article guarantees the right to freedom of assembly and association?

Correct A. Article 40

B. Article 42

C. Article 39

D. Article 41

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

Consider the following actions taken by the government of State X: (i) The President issues an executive order that exempts his close relatives from paying traffic fines. (ii) A traffic officer issues a fine to a citizen for speeding, and the citizen can appeal the fine in court. (iii) The legislature passes a law that applies equally to all citizens, including public officials. Which of the above actions best demonstrates the principle of the rule of law that no one is above the law?

Correct A. (iii) The legislature passes a law that applies equally to all citizens, including public officials.

B. (i) and (ii) together illustrate the rule of law principle.

C. (i) The President issues an executive order that exempts his close relatives from paying traffic fines.

D. (ii) A traffic officer issues a fine to a citizen for speeding, and the citizen can appeal the fine in court.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12 View Details

A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in both the Senate (109 members) and the House of Representatives (360 members). What is the minimum total number of votes across both houses needed to pass the amendment, assuming each house meets the required two‑thirds threshold?

A. 312

Correct B. 313

C. 315

D. 311

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

In a state assembly of 200 seats, the distribution of seats among parties is as follows: - Party A: 78 seats - Party B: 54 seats - Party C: 32 seats - Party D: 26 seats - Party E: 10 seats To form a government, a coalition must command a simple majority (more than 100 seats). Party A is willing to form a coalition with any one other party, but Party D refuses to join any coalition that includes Party C. List all possible two‑party coalitions that satisfy these conditions and achieve a majority.

Correct A. A + B, A + C, and A + D

B. A + B, A + E, and A + D

C. A + B, A + C, and B + D

D. A + B, B + C, and A + D

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14 View Details

The Local Government Act stipulates that at least \(30\%\) of a local government's total annual revenue must be derived from internally generated revenue (IGR). In 2022, the revenue of Riverine Local Government was as follows: - Federal allocation: ₦120 million - State allocation: ₦80 million - Internally generated revenue: ₦50 million - Grants from NGOs: ₦10 million During 2023, the local government implemented a market revitalisation programme that increased its IGR by \(40\%\) but caused a \(10\%\) reduction in the federal allocation (due to a performance‑based cut). All other revenue sources remained unchanged. (a) Calculate the total revenue for 2023. (b) Determine the percentage of the 2023 total revenue that is IGR (rounded to two decimal places). (c) Based on the constitutional requirement, does Riverine Local Government meet the \(30\%\) IGR threshold in 2023? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. (a) ₦268 million; (b) 30.00 %; (c) Yes

B. (a) ₦278 million; (b) 25.18 %; (c) No

Correct C. (a) ₦268 million; (b) 26.12 %; (c) No

D. (a) ₦258 million; (b) 27.13 %; (c) No

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

Country Z holds elections every four years that are generally free and competitive. Its constitution guarantees freedom of speech and an independent judiciary. However, a recent amendment allows the president to issue decrees without parliamentary approval for a period of up to six months during emergencies, and these decrees cannot be challenged in court. Based on the core principles of representative democracy, which description most accurately characterises Country Z's political system? 1. Full democracy 2. Hybrid regime with democratic features 3. Authoritarian regime 4. Transitional government

A. 3

B. 1

Correct C. 2

D. 4

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

The President resigns on 12 March 2025. The constitution provides that the Vice‑President acts as President for up to 90 days, after which a presidential election must be held within the next 30 days. The election is scheduled for the first Saturday after the end of that 30‑day period. On which date is the election held?

Correct A. 12 July 2025

B. 10 July 2025

C. 9 July 2025

D. 13 July 2025

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

A parliament has 120 seats, of which 80 are constituency seats elected by first‑past‑the‑post and 40 are list seats allocated to achieve overall proportionality. The parties obtained the following shares of the total vote: Party A (45%), Party B (35%), Party C (15%), Party D (5%). The constituency seats won are: Party A 38, Party B 30, Party C 12, Party D 0. How many list seats does each party receive?

Correct A. Party A 16, Party B 12, Party C 6, Party D 6

B. Party A 18, Party B 12, Party C 4, Party D 6

C. Party A 14, Party B 14, Party C 6, Party D 6

D. Party A 16, Party B 10, Party C 8, Party D 6

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

A political party is assessed on three democratic criteria: leadership election (maximum 40 points), policy formulation (maximum 35 points) and member participation (maximum 25 points). The party scores 28, 27 and 18 points respectively. To be classified as "democratic" the party must obtain at least 70 % of the total possible points and at least 60 % in each individual criterion. Does the party satisfy the democratic standard?

A. No, the party meets the total points requirement but not the individual criteria.

B. No, the party does not meet the democratic standard.

Correct C. Yes, the party meets the democratic standard.

D. Yes, the party meets the democratic standard, but fails the individual criterion thresholds.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

In a federal system the court hierarchy is: State Magistrate Court, State High Court, State Court of Appeal, Federal Supreme Court. A civil contract dispute worth ₦5 million originates in State X. The plaintiff first files in the State Magistrate Court, which dismisses the case for lack of jurisdiction. To which court should the plaintiff correctly file the case next, and after a decision by the State High Court, which court will hear the appeal?

Correct A. First file in the State High Court; appeal goes to the State Court of Appeal.

B. First file in the State Magistrate Court; appeal goes to the State High Court.

C. First file in the State High Court; appeal goes to the Federal Supreme Court.

D. First file in the State Court of Appeal; appeal goes to the State High Court.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

Judicial independence is measured on four indicators with the following maximum points: security of tenure (30), financial autonomy (25), administrative control (20) and appointment process (25). A country scores 24, 18, 12 and 20 points respectively. Calculate the overall independence index as a percentage of the total possible points and state whether it meets the benchmark of 70 % required for a "highly independent judiciary".

A. 80 %, which meets the benchmark.

B. 71 %, which meets the benchmark.

Correct C. 74 %, which meets the benchmark.

D. 68 %, which does not meet the benchmark.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21 View Details

Consider the legislative process for a bill in Nigeria. A bill is introduced in the House of Representatives and after its first reading it is referred to a committee. The committee reports that a \(\frac{2}{3}\) majority of its members recommend an amendment. The Senate, upon receiving the amended bill, votes and a simple majority rejects the amendment. Explain the possible constitutional outcomes for the bill, citing the relevant sections of the 1999 Constitution that govern this situation.

A. The Senate's rejection results in the amendment being discarded, and the original bill returns to the House, which must then either accept the original text or abandon the bill entirely, per Section 61 of the Constitution.

B. The rejection forces the bill to be sent to the Supreme Court for a constitutional review under Section 58, and the House cannot modify the amendment further.

Correct C. The Senate's rejection sends the bill back to the House. The House can withdraw the amendment, insist on it and trigger a joint committee, or the dead‑lock may cause the bill to fail. These procedures are governed by Section 60 of the 1999 Constitution.

D. The Senate's rejection means the amendment is automatically adopted and the bill proceeds to the President, as outlined in Section 62 of the 1999 Constitution.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22 View Details

Under the Nigerian Constitution, the jurisdiction of the Federal High Court includes matters relating to the enforcement of fundamental rights. A citizen files a suit in the Federal High Court alleging violation of the right to a fair hearing under Section 36(1). The State High Court also claims concurrent jurisdiction over the same matter. Analyse which court has the proper jurisdiction and the constitutional basis for your conclusion, considering the doctrine of exclusive and concurrent jurisdiction.

A. Both the Federal High Court and the State High Court share concurrent jurisdiction under Section 6(2), so the citizen may choose either court to file the suit.

B. Jurisdiction lies with the Federal High Court only if the case involves a monetary claim exceeding 5,000,000, as stipulated in Section 7, otherwise the State High Court decides.

Correct C. The Federal High Court has exclusive jurisdiction because Section 6(1) assigns enforcement of fundamental rights to it; the State High Court's claim of concurrent jurisdiction does not apply.

D. The State High Court has exclusive jurisdiction over fundamental‑rights matters under Section 6(1), making the Federal High Court's involvement improper.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

List the major Nigerian constitutions from independence to the present (1959, 1960, 1963, 1979, 1989, 1993, 1999). For each constitution, identify one distinctive feature concerning the structure of the executive. Then, using this information, determine which constitution first introduced the concept of a "president elected by universal adult suffrage" and justify your answer.

A. The 1993 Constitution first introduced a President elected by universal adult suffrage.

B. The 1963 Constitution first introduced a President elected by universal adult suffrage.

C. The 1999 Constitution first introduced a President elected by universal adult suffrage.

Correct D. The 1979 Constitution first introduced a President elected by universal adult suffrage.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

What is the minimum voting age for Nigerian citizens in federal elections as stipulated by the 1999 Constitution, and which amendment, if any, has altered this age since the Constitution's adoption?

A. 21 years; a 2010 amendment raised it.

Correct B. 18 years; no amendment has altered it.

C. 18 years; a 2002 amendment briefly changed it to 16 years.

D. 16 years; an amendment in 2004 lowered it.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

A state government prepares its annual budget using a performance‑based allocation (PBA) formula. The formula allocates 40% of the total recurrent budget to health, 30% to education, and the remaining 30% is distributed among other sectors proportionally to their previous year's expenditure. In the previous year, the total recurrent budget was \(\text{₦}500\) billion, with health receiving \(\text{₦}150\) billion and education \(\text{₦}120\) billion. Calculate the amount allocated to the "other sectors" pool for the current year if the total recurrent budget is increased by 10% and the percentages for health and education remain unchanged. Show all steps.

Correct A. 165

B. 170

C. 155

D. 230

Correct Answer: A

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