Practice neco model questions vol1 government 2020 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

In a federal system, the responsibilities for education, health, and defence are shared among the federal, state, and local governments in the ratio \(3:2:1\) respectively. If the total number of responsibilities assigned is 60, how many responsibilities are assigned to the state government?

A. 25

B. 30

Correct C. 20

D. 15

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2 View Details

A government plans a water‑supply project that requires an upfront capital outlay of \(\text{₦}150\) million. The project will incur an annual operating cost of \(\text{₦}5\) million for 10 years and is expected to generate annual benefits of \(\text{₦}25\) million for the same period. Using a discount rate of \(8\%\) per annum, calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project. State whether the project is financially justified (NPV > 0).

Correct A. -15.83

B. -10.45

C. -5.67

D. -20.00

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

In a state, the number of civil cases handled by the High Court is twice that of the Federal High Court, and the number of criminal cases handled by the High Court is \(1.5\) times that of the Federal High Court. The total number of cases (civil + criminal) handled by both courts together is 800. Additionally, the overall ratio of civil to criminal cases in the state is \(3:2\). How many criminal cases are handled by the Federal High Court?

A. 112

B. 96

C. 144

Correct D. 128

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

A state legislature has 120 seats that are allocated to three regions based on population: Region A receives \(45\%\) of the seats, Region B \(35\%\) and Region C \(20\%\). In an election, Party X obtains \(48\%\) of the votes in Region A, \(52\%\) in Region B and \(60\%\) in Region C. Seats are allocated to parties proportionally to their vote share in each region, and the final number of seats for a party is the sum of its seats from the three regions, rounded to the nearest whole seat. How many seats does Party X win in the legislature?

A. 70

Correct B. 62

C. 66

D. 58

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

Five political parties (A, B, C, D, E) contest a 100‑seat legislature. The country is divided into five constituencies, each electing 20 seats under a first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) system where the party with the highest vote share in a constituency wins all 20 seats. The vote shares in each constituency are: - Constituency 1: A 38\%, B 30\%, C 15\%, D 12\%, E 5\% - Constituency 2: B 40\%, A 25\%, C 15\%, D 12\%, E 8\% - Constituency 3: C 35\%, D 30\%, A 15\%, B 10\%, E 10\% - Constituency 4: D 45\%, C 25\%, B 15\%, A 10\%, E 5\% - Constituency 5: E 40\%, A 30\%, B 15\%, C 10\%, D 5\% Under a nationwide proportional representation (PR) system using the Hamilton (largest remainder) method, seats are allocated according to the total vote share of each party across all constituencies (each constituency has the same number of voters). Determine the number of seats Party D obtains under FPTP and under PR, and state which system gives Party D a higher seat count.

A. FPTP: 20 seats, PR: 20 seats - both systems give Party D the same number of seats

B. FPTP: 0 seats, PR: 21 seats - PR gives Party D more seats

Correct C. FPTP: 20 seats, PR: 21 seats - PR gives Party D more seats

D. FPTP: 20 seats, PR: 22 seats - PR gives Party D more seats

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

In a national election using party‑list proportional representation with a 15\% electoral threshold, five parties obtain the following percentages of the total votes: Party\,A \(34\%\), Party\,B \(27\%\), Party\,C \(18\%\), Party\,D \(12\%\), Party\,E \(9\%\). The legislature has 100 seats to be allocated among the parties that pass the threshold using the largest‑remainder (Hamilton) method. Determine which party receives the greatest number of seats and state that number.

A. Party D - 19 seats

B. Party B - 30 seats

Correct C. Party A - 43 seats

D. Party C - 28 seats

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

In a federal system, the national constitution grants the federal government exclusive authority over defence, foreign affairs and the issue of currency. If a state passes a law that conflicts with a federal law on the regulation of currency, which law prevails and why?

A. The state law prevails because states retain police powers over economic regulation, and the Constitution allows states to regulate currency within their borders.

Correct B. The federal law prevails because the Constitution gives the federal government exclusive authority over currency, and the Supremacy Clause makes federal law supreme in that area.

C. Both laws are equally valid, and the conflict is resolved by the courts on a case‑by‑case basis, with no clear supremacy.

D. The federal law is ineffective because the Constitution only grants the federal government authority over defence and foreign affairs, not currency.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

The constitution can be amended only when a proposed amendment is approved by at least two‑thirds of the members of both legislative chambers and subsequently receives a simple majority in a national referendum. A proposed amendment obtains \(68\%\) support in the lower house, \(71\%\) in the upper house and \(55\%\) in the referendum. Does the amendment pass?

Correct A. Yes, the amendment passes because it meets the two‑thirds requirement in both houses and obtains a majority in the referendum.

B. No, the amendment fails because it does not achieve a two‑thirds majority in the lower house.

C. No, the amendment fails because the referendum result is below the required two‑thirds threshold.

D. Yes, the amendment passes because it meets the two‑thirds requirement in both houses, even though the referendum result is below a simple majority.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

In a presidential system, a bill passed by both houses is presented to the President, who vetoes it. The Constitution allows the legislature to override a presidential veto with a two‑thirds majority in each house. The Senate, consisting of 120 members, records 72 votes to override, while the House, with 300 members, records 195 votes to override. Is the presidential veto successfully overridden? Explain.

Correct A. No, the veto is not overridden because neither the Senate nor the House achieved the required two‑thirds majority.

B. No, the veto is not overridden because the House fell short of the two‑thirds requirement, even though the Senate met it.

C. Yes, the veto is overridden because the Senate achieved a two‑thirds majority with 72 votes out of 120.

D. Yes, the veto is overridden because the combined total of 267 votes exceeds the two‑thirds requirement when the two houses are considered together.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

During a United Nations Security Council meeting, a resolution receives 12 votes in favour, 0 votes against and 3 abstentions. All five permanent members vote in favour. The resolution is therefore adopted (it meets the requirement of at least nine affirmative votes and no veto). Afterwards, two of the permanent members change their votes from ‘in favour' to ‘abstain', and three of the non‑permanent members who had voted in favour change their votes to ‘abstain'. After these changes, does the resolution remain adopted? If it does not, state the minimum number of abstaining members who must change their votes to ‘in favour' for the resolution to be adopted.

A. Yes, the resolution remains adopted since abstentions do not count against the required nine affirmative votes.

B. No, the resolution is still adopted because the total of favourable votes remains at nine despite the changes.

Correct C. No, the resolution is no longer adopted because favourable votes fall to 7. At least two abstaining members must change to ‘in favour' to reach the required nine affirmative votes.

D. No, the resolution is no longer adopted because favourable votes fall to 7. At least three abstaining members must change to ‘in favour' to reach the required nine affirmative votes.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11 View Details

A president is elected for a \(4\)-year term. After serving \(3\) years, the president resigns and the vice‑president assumes office for the remaining \(1\) year. The constitution states that a person may serve at most two full terms, and any term in which the person serves less than \(2\) years is not counted as a full term. The vice‑president is subsequently elected in the next election and re‑elected once more. What is the total number of years the vice‑president could serve as president?

Correct A. 9

B. 10

C. 8

D. 11

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12 View Details

In a country, the rule of law requires that any person who commits a crime must be tried within \(30\) days. In a particular month, \(120\) cases were filed. Of these, \(70\) were tried within \(30\) days, \(30\) were tried after \(30\) days, and the remaining were dismissed without trial. If the government wants at least \(90\)% of the cases to be tried within \(30\) days, how many of the dismissed cases must be reopened and tried within \(30\) days, assuming no other changes?

A. Not possible

B. Cannot be done

Correct C. Impossible

D. Unfeasible

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13 View Details

A legislature has \(120\) seats to be allocated among three parties based on the votes they received, using the D'Hondt method. Party A received \(480{,}000\) votes, Party B \(300{,}000\) votes, and Party C \(180{,}000\) votes. How many seats does each party obtain?

Correct A. A:60, B:38, C:22

B. A:60, B:36, C:24

C. A:58, B:40, C:22

D. A:61, B:37, C:22

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14 View Details

Two pressure groups lobby the government. Group A has \(12{,}000\) members and spends \(\text{₦}2{,}500{,}000\) on its campaign. Group B has \(8{,}000\) members and spends \(\text{₦}1{,}200{,}000\). The effectiveness index is defined as \(\frac{\text{number of members}}{\text{amount spent in thousands of naira}}\). Which group has the higher effectiveness index?

A. Both groups have the same effectiveness index

Correct B. Group B

C. Group A

D. Neither group has a higher effectiveness index

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

What term describes a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional governments?

A. Confederation

B. Unitaryism

Correct C. Federalism

D. Decentralization

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

In a mixed‑member electoral system with 100 seats, 60 seats are filled by proportional representation (PR) and 40 seats by first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) constituencies. Party A receives \(30\%\) of the national vote and wins \(5\) of the \(40\) FPTP seats. Party B receives \(15\%\) of the vote and wins \(3\) FPTP seats. Assuming PR seats are allocated strictly in proportion to vote share and that the two parties form a coalition, how many total seats does the coalition hold in the legislature?

A. 38

B. 30

Correct C. 35

D. 33

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

Country X imposes a \(10\%\) tariff on imported wheat. Before the tariff the country imports \(200{,}000\) tonnes at the world price of \(\₦500\) per tonne. The domestic demand curve is \(Q_D = 400{,}000 - 400P\) and the domestic supply curve is \(Q_S = 200P\), where \(P\) is the price in \(\₦\) per tonne. After the tariff the domestic price rises to the world price plus the tariff. The government also introduces a subsidy equal to \(5\%\) of the post‑tariff domestic price, paid to each tonne produced domestically. Calculate the net fiscal balance (tariff revenue minus subsidy cost) for the government.

Correct A. 475000

B. 525000

C. 500000

D. 450000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

A constitution requires a constitutional amendment to be approved by at least two‑thirds of each chamber of Parliament and then receive presidential assent. If the president refuses assent, the amendment can still become law if a joint session of both chambers passes it with a three‑quarters majority of the total members. Parliament consists of a Senate with 80 members and a House of Representatives with 200 members. Currently, 55\% of Senators and 60\% of House members support the amendment. Will the amendment pass without presidential assent? If not, how many additional members must change their vote to reach the joint‑session override threshold?

Correct A. 46

B. 60

C. 52

D. 38

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

What term describes the right of citizens to take part in the political process by voting in elections?

A. balloting

B. franchise

Correct C. suffrage

D. enfranchisement

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

The constitution of Country Y requires that at least \(80\%\) of cases in the lower courts be resolved within six months and at least \(90\%\) of cases in the appellate courts be resolved within twelve months. In the most recent year, the lower courts handled \(12{,}000\) cases, of which \(9{,}500\) were resolved within six months. The appellate courts handled \(3{,}200\) cases, of which \(2{,}800\) were resolved within twelve months. Determine whether the judiciary met the constitutional time‑limit requirements, and if not, state the shortfall in percentage points for each court level.

A. No; lower courts shortfall 0.83%, appellate courts shortfall 3.0%

B. No; lower courts shortfall 1.0%, appellate courts shortfall 2.5%

C. Yes; lower courts shortfall 0.83%, appellate courts shortfall 2.5%

Correct D. No; lower courts shortfall 0.83%, appellate courts shortfall 2.5%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

Three statements are given about the exercise of governmental power: A. The police can arrest any individual without a warrant if they suspect the person of a crime. B. The President can issue a decree that overrides any existing law without parliamentary approval. C. A court orders a private company to pay compensation for breaching a contract, and the company must comply. Which statement most clearly violates the principle of the rule of law, and why?

A. Statement C, because it forces a private company to comply with a court order, which undermines the principle of separation of powers.

B. Statement A, because it permits the police to arrest without a warrant, which breaches the requirement for judicial oversight.

Correct C. Statement B, because it allows the President to override existing laws without parliamentary approval, contradicting the principle that everyone, including the executive, is bound by law.

D. Statement B, because it gives the President power to issue decrees, but this is permissible under emergency powers, so it does not violate the rule of law.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22 View Details

A pressure group employs three tactics to influence policy: lobbying (success probability \(40\%\)), public campaigns (success probability \(25\%\)), and litigation (success probability \(60\%\)). If the group uses each tactic once, what is the probability that at least one of the tactics will succeed? Express your answer as a percentage.

Correct A. 82\%

B. 90\%

C. 75\%

D. 68\%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

Identify two constitutional mechanisms that limit the power of the executive in Nigeria and briefly describe how each mechanism operates.

A. Executive decree - President can issue orders without parliamentary approval; Military intervention - armed forces can suspend civilian rule

B. Party discipline - political parties control ministerial appointments; Public referendum - citizens can directly overturn executive decisions

Correct C. Legislative oversight - Parliament can summon ministers, demand reports and pass motions of no‑confidence; Judicial review - courts can declare executive actions unconstitutional.

D. Fiscal veto - Senate can block budget proposals; Constitutional amendment - legislature can rewrite the constitution unilaterally

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

What is the supreme law of the land in Nigeria?

A. The National Charter of Nigeria

B. The Nigerian Legal Code

Correct C. The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

D. The Federal Republic of Nigeria Act

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

In the last three general elections, voter turnout percentages were \(45\%\), \(52\%\) and \(48\%\). Calculate the average turnout and state whether it is above or below \(50\%\).

A. Average turnout \(\approx 49.50\%\); it is below \(50\%\).

Correct B. Average turnout \(\approx 48.33\%\); it is below \(50\%\).

C. Average turnout \(\approx 48.00\%\); it is below \(50\%\).

D. Average turnout \(\approx 47.25\%\); it is above \(50\%\).

Correct Answer: B

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