Practice neco model questions vol1 government 2019 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

Five political parties obtained the following numbers of seats in a 340‑seat House of Assembly: Party A 120, Party B 85, Party C 60, Party D 45 and Party E 30. A party (or a coalition of parties) needs at least 171 seats to command a majority. The constitution requires that any coalition must contain at least one party that holds 60 seats or more. What is the smallest possible number of parties that can form a majority coalition under these rules?

A. 4

Correct B. 2

C. 3

D. 5

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

An elected assembly has 100 seats, of which 60 are constituency seats filled by first‑past‑the‑post and 40 are list seats allocated proportionally using the Sainte‑Laguë method. Four parties contested the election and obtained the following shares of the national vote: Party P1 45 %, Party P2 30 %, Party P3 15 %, Party P4 10 %. All parties passed the 5 % threshold. The constituency results are: P1 won 48 seats, P2 won 5 seats, P3 won 4 seats and P4 won 3 seats. Using the Sainte‑Laguë divisor series (1,3,5,\dots\), allocate the 40 list seats. Then add the list seats to the constituency seats to obtain each party's total number of seats. Finally, determine whether any party has more seats than its proportional entitlement (based on the 100‑seat total) and state the number of over‑hang seats, if any.

A. 0

Correct B. 21

C. 25

D. 10

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

To amend the constitution, a two‑thirds majority is required in each chamber of the National Assembly. The Senate has 109 members and the House of Representatives has 360 members. Party Z controls 70 Senate seats and 200 House seats. The remaining seats are held by opposition parties. (a) Can Party Z pass a constitutional amendment without any support from opposition members? (b) If not, what is the minimum number of opposition members Party Z must persuade in each chamber to reach the required two‑thirds majority?

A. Yes; 0 Senate members and 0 House members

B. No; 2 Senate members and 35 House members

Correct C. No; 3 Senate members and 40 House members

D. No; 5 Senate members and 45 House members

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

Within the International Monetary Fund, voting power is distributed according to each member's quota. Suppose six countries have the following voting shares: Country A 30 %, Country B 25 %, Country C 15 %, Country D 12 %, Country E 10 %, Country F 8 %. An important policy decision requires at least 85 % of the total voting share to approve it, and the coalition must contain at least one of the two largest shareholders (Country A or Country B). What is the smallest possible number of countries that can form a winning coalition satisfying both conditions? List one such coalition and state its total voting share.

A. 5 countries; e.g., A, C, D, E, F with 80 % share

Correct B. 5 countries; e.g., A, B, C, D, E with 92 % share

C. 4 countries; e.g., A, B, C, D with 82 % share

D. 6 countries; e.g., A, B, C, D, E, F with 100 % share

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

A legislative committee consists of 15 members. Its rules state that a quorum of two‑thirds of the members must be present for the committee to conduct business, and any motion is adopted by a simple majority of the members who are present and actually vote (abstentions are not counted as votes). During a particular meeting, 6 members are absent, 2 members are present but abstain from voting, and the remaining members vote either for or against a motion. (a) Does the committee have a valid quorum? (b) What is the minimum number of votes in favour required for the motion to be adopted? (c) If the committee lacks a quorum, how many additional members must be present (whether they vote or not) to meet the quorum requirement?

A. No quorum; 5 votes in favour; 2 additional members needed

B. Quorum met; 5 votes in favour; 0 additional members needed

C. Quorum met; 4 votes in favour; 0 additional members needed

Correct D. No quorum; 4 votes in favour; 1 additional member needed

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

The 1979 Constitution came into force in 1979. A constitutional amendment was enacted exactly $13$ years after that, and it occurred $7$ years before the 1999 Constitution was adopted. In which year was the amendment promulgated?

A. 1995

B. 1985

C. 2001

Correct D. 1992

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details

According to the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, which executive function is exclusive to the President and cannot be exercised by any State Governor? State the specific function.

A. Appointment of Local Government Chairpersons (e.g., the Chairman of a Local Council)

B. Appointment of Federal Judges (e.g., a Supreme Court Justice)

Correct C. Appointment of Federal Ministers (e.g., the Minister of Finance)

D. Appointment of State Governors (e.g., the Governor of Lagos State)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

The National Assembly consists of 360 members in the House of Representatives and 109 members in the Senate. To amend the Constitution, a proposal must be passed by at least $\frac{2}{3}$ of the members present and voting in each House, and then ratified by a majority of the 36 states. During a vote, 324 members were present in the House and 98 in the Senate. The amendment received 210 votes in favour in the House and 70 votes in favour in the Senate. Did the amendment satisfy the constitutional requirement for passage? Answer Yes or No and justify.

Correct A. No

B. Yes, the amendment passed

C. Yes, because the required majority was met

D. Yes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

A state government has an annual recurrent budget of $\text{₦}150$ billion and a capital budget of $\text{₦}90$ billion. It allocates $40\%$ of the recurrent budget to health, $25\%$ of the capital budget to health infrastructure, and an additional fixed amount of $\text{₦}5$ billion for health training programmes. Calculate the total amount allocated to health (recurrent + capital + training) and express this as a percentage of the total combined budget (recurrent + capital).

Correct A. ₦87.5 billion; about 36.46 % of the total budget

B. ₦87.5 billion; about 40 % of the total budget

C. ₦79.5 billion; about 33.13 % of the total budget

D. ₦83 billion; about 34.58 % of the total budget

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

Nigeria's foreign policy states that it will intervene militarily in a neighbouring country only if that country's government commits genocide, as defined by the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948). In 2025, Country X experiences mass killings of an ethnic group, with an estimated 150,000 deaths over six months. An independent UN inquiry confirms that the killings meet the legal definition of genocide. However, the International Court of Justice later rules that the evidence does not satisfy the threshold for "intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group" required under the Convention. Based on Nigeria's stated policy, should Nigeria proceed with military intervention? Justify your answer.

A. No; because the killings constitute crimes against humanity, which also obliges Nigeria to intervene under its policy.

Correct B. No; the ICJ ruling shows the legal threshold for genocide is not met, so Nigeria's condition for intervention is not satisfied.

C. Yes; despite the ICJ ruling, the UN inquiry's confirmation of genocide satisfies Nigeria's intervention trigger.

D. Yes; Nigeria may act unilaterally based on the UN inquiry's findings, regardless of the ICJ's interpretation.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A local government area (LGA) has a population of 250,000. Its annual revenue comes from three sources: 40% from a fixed federal allocation of ₦120 million, 35% from internally generated revenue (IGR), and the remaining 25% from state allocation. The state allocation is exactly $\frac{5}{7}$ times the IGR amount. Determine (i) the total annual revenue of the LGA, (ii) the per‑capita revenue, and (iii) the additional amount of revenue the LGA must generate next year to raise per‑capita revenue by 10% without any change in population.

A. Total revenue = ₦300 million; per‑capita revenue = ₦1,200; required increase = ₦25 million

B. Total revenue = ₦320 million; per‑capita revenue = ₦1,280; required increase = ₦32 million

Correct C. Total revenue = ₦300 million; per‑capita revenue = ₦1,200; required increase = ₦30 million

D. Total revenue = ₦280 million; per‑capita revenue = ₦1,120; required increase = ₦28 million

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

Consider the following actions taken by a state government: (i) It passes a law that imposes a higher tax rate on members of opposition parties while leaving members of the ruling party taxed at the standard rate. (ii) It enforces traffic regulations uniformly for all drivers on its roads. (iii) It grants a special exemption from environmental regulations to a private company that is a major donor to the ruling party. Which of these actions most directly violates the principle of equality before the law under the rule of law, and why?

A. Action (i) - the politically‑biased tax law - because it raises revenue for the state, which is unrelated to equality before the law.

Correct B. Action (i) - the politically‑biased tax law - because it discriminates on the basis of political affiliation, directly breaching equality before the law.

C. Action (iii) - the environmental exemption - because it favors a private company, violating equality before the law.

D. Action (ii) - the uniform traffic enforcement - because it treats all drivers the same, which paradoxically creates inequality.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

State the three fundamental functions of government as taught in Nigerian civic education.

A. Legislation, execution (administration), and diplomacy (foreign affairs).

Correct B. Legislation, execution (administration), and adjudication (judiciary).

C. Legislation, enforcement (policing), and adjudication (judiciary).

D. Legislation, regulation (policy), and adjudication (judiciary).

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details

The Nigerian Senate has 109 seats and the House of Representatives has 360 seats. To pass a constitutional amendment, a two‑thirds majority is required in each chamber. A political party currently holds 70 Senate seats and 210 House seats. Does the party have enough seats to pass the amendment? If not, how many additional seats must it win in each chamber to reach the required two‑thirds majority?

A. No. It needs 4 additional Senate seats and 32 additional House seats.

Correct B. No. It needs 3 additional Senate seats and 30 additional House seats.

C. No. It needs 2 additional Senate seats and 28 additional House seats.

D. No. It needs 5 additional Senate seats and 25 additional House seats.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

Four major Nigerian constitutions are listed below with their year of adoption: (a) 1960 Independence Constitution, (b) 1963 Republican Constitution, (c) 1979 Constitution (Second Republic), (d) 1999 Constitution (Fourth Republic). For each of the following features, identify which constitution first introduced it: (i) a federal system of government, (ii) a presidential system of government, (iii) a comprehensive Bill of Rights. Present your answer as three letters corresponding to the constitutions (e.g., "i) a, ii) c, iii) c").

Correct A. i) a, ii) c, iii) c

B. i) b, ii) c, iii) d

C. i) a, ii) b, iii) c

D. i) a, ii) c, iii) d

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

According to the Constitution, an emergency decree issued by the President is valid only if the National Assembly ratifies it within $30$ days of its issuance. The President issued such a decree on 12 March 2022 and the Assembly ratified it on 10 April 2022. Was the decree valid?

Correct A. Yes, the decree was valid because the ratification occurred within 29 days, which is within the 30‑day limit.

B. Yes, the decree was valid because any ratification within the same calendar month satisfies the constitutional requirement.

C. No, the decree was invalid because the Constitution actually requires ratification within 28 days, not 30.

D. No, the decree was invalid because the ratification occurred on the 30th day, exceeding the 30‑day limit.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

Nigeria is considering two separate foreign‑policy initiatives.\n\nInitiative A: A trade agreement reduces the tariff on imported machinery by $20\%$. As a result, machinery imports, which originally equal $5\%$ of the national GDP of $\text{₦}20$ trillion, increase in value by $15\%$. Each additional $\text{₦}1$ of machinery imported raises domestic production by $0.5$ $\text{₦}$.\n\nInitiative B: A foreign‑aid package of $\$2$ billion is received. The exchange rate is $\$1 = \text{₦}800$. For every $\$1$ billion (or $\text{₦}0.8$ trillion) of aid, the GDP grows by $0.8\%$.\n\nWhich initiative yields the larger percentage increase in GDP?

Correct A. Initiative B, because it raises GDP by 1.6 % compared with 0.375 % for Initiative A.

B. Initiative A, because it raises GDP by 0.5 % compared with 1.0 % for Initiative B.

C. Initiative A, because it raises GDP by 0.375 % compared with 1.6 % for Initiative B.

D. Initiative B, because it raises GDP by 1.2 % compared with 0.4 % for Initiative A.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

The Supreme Court currently has a backlog of $1{,}200$ cases. A judicial reform reduces the backlog by $25\%$ and then transfers $30\%$ of the remaining cases to the Court of Appeal. How many cases remain on the Supreme Court docket after the reform?

A. 540 cases

B. 720 cases

C. 900 cases

Correct D. 630 cases

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19 View Details

In a country with three regions, the following data are recorded for the most recent election:\n\nRegion A: $2{,}000{,}000$ eligible voters, $80\%$ registration, $65\%$ turnout of registered voters.\nRegion B: $1{,}500{,}000$ eligible voters, $90\%$ registration, $70\%$ turnout of registered voters.\nRegion C: $2{,}500{,}000$ eligible voters, $75\%$ registration, $60\%$ turnout of registered voters.\n\nCalculate the total number of votes cast nationwide and state which region contributed the highest number of votes.

A. 3,050,000 votes nationwide; Region C contributed the most votes.

B. 3,110,000 votes nationwide; Region B contributed the most votes.

C. 3,200,000 votes nationwide; Region A contributed the most votes.

Correct D. 3,110,000 votes nationwide; Region C contributed the most votes.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A 100‑seat legislature is to be filled by four parties that received the following shares of the national vote: Party X $40\%$, Party Y $30\%$, Party Z $20\%$, Party W \(10\%).\n\n(i) Under a pure proportional‑representation system using the Hare quota and the largest‑remainder method, how many seats does each party obtain?\n(ii) Under a first‑past‑the‑post system with 10 constituencies, each constituency reflecting the national vote percentages, how many seats does each party win?\n(iii) Which system gives Party Z more seats?

A. PR: X‑40, Y‑30, Z‑20, W‑10; FPTP: X‑9, Y‑1, Z‑0, W‑0; Party Z gets more seats under proportional representation.

B. PR: X‑40, Y‑30, Z‑20, W‑10; FPTP: X‑10, Y‑0, Z‑0, W‑0; Party Z gets more seats under first‑past‑the‑post.

Correct C. PR: X‑40, Y‑30, Z‑20, W‑10; FPTP: X‑10, Y‑0, Z‑0, W‑0; Party Z gets more seats under proportional representation.

D. PR: X‑41, Y‑29, Z‑20, W‑10; FPTP: X‑10, Y‑0, Z‑0, W‑0; Party Z gets more seats under proportional representation.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21 View Details

In a proportional representation election with 120 seats, six parties obtain the following percentages of the total votes: Party A $42\%$, Party B $27\%$, Party C $12\%$, Party D $8\%$, Party E $6\%$, Party F $5\%$. Seats are allocated using the Hamilton (largest remainder) method. How many seats does Party C obtain?

Correct A. 14

B. 13

C. 16

D. 15

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in both chambers of the National Assembly. The House of Representatives has 360 members and the Senate has 109 members. In a recent vote, 260 members of the House voted in favour, 90 against and 10 abstained; in the Senate, 70 voted in favour, 30 against and 9 abstained. Did the amendment pass?

A. Yes, the amendment passed because both chambers met the two‑thirds threshold.

B. Yes, the amendment passed because the combined vote across both chambers met the two‑thirds requirement.

Correct C. No, the amendment failed because the Senate did not reach the required two‑thirds majority.

D. No, the amendment failed because the House did not reach the required two‑thirds majority.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

The Constitution guarantees (i) freedom of religion (Article X) and (ii) the right to education (Article Y). A new law mandates that all public schools teach a specific religious doctrine as part of the curriculum. Which constitutional principle is most directly violated by this law?

Correct A. Freedom of religion (Article X)

B. Separation of church and state (Article X)

C. Right to education (Article Y)

D. Freedom of speech (Article Z)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

In a local election there are 3,000 eligible voters. Voter turnout is $75\%$. Of those who voted, $60\%$ supported Candidate X. Calculate (a) the number of votes received by Candidate X and (b) the percentage of the total eligible voters who voted for Candidate X (rounded to one decimal place).

Correct A. a) 1,350 votes; b) 45.0 %

B. a) 1,800 votes; b) 60.0 %

C. a) 1,125 votes; b) 37.5 %

D. a) 1,350 votes; b) 60.0 %

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

A local government council has an annual budget of $12,000,000$ Naira for a waste‑management programme. The budget is initially allocated as follows: 40 % to personnel, 25 % to equipment, 15 % to public awareness, and the remainder to maintenance. After the allocations, equipment costs rise by 12 %, which must be covered by reducing the maintenance allocation. Additionally, the council receives a grant of $800,000$ Naira that must be used exclusively for public awareness. Determine the final amount (in Naira) allocated to each of the four categories after these adjustments.

A. Personnel = 4,800,000 Naira; Equipment = 3,360,000 Naira; Public awareness = 2,600,000 Naira; Maintenance = 2,240,000 Naira

B. Personnel = 4,800,000 Naira; Equipment = 3,360,000 Naira; Public awareness = 2,200,000 Naira; Maintenance = 2,440,000 Naira

Correct C. Personnel = 4,800,000 Naira; Equipment = 3,360,000 Naira; Public awareness = 2,600,000 Naira; Maintenance = 2,040,000 Naira

D. Personnel = 4,800,000 Naira; Equipment = 3,770,000 Naira; Public awareness = 2,600,000 Naira; Maintenance = 1,830,000 Naira

Correct Answer: C

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