neco 2025 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
An irregular solid is to be characterised by its density using the water‑displacement method. The solid is first dried and its mass is measured with a digital balance. Then the solid is gently immersed in a graduated cylinder containing water and the rise in water level is recorded. The following data are obtained: - Mass reading on the balance = 125.6 g (uncertainty ±0.1 g). - Initial water level = 45.0 mL (uncertainty ±0.2 mL). - Final water level after immersion = 58.3 mL (uncertainty ±0.2 mL). Using this information, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
State the mass of the solid and its absolute uncertainty.
(b)
Calculate the volume of the solid (in mL) and its absolute uncertainty.
(c)
Determine the density of the solid in g·mL⁻¹ and give its absolute uncertainty.
(d)
Express the final density result with the appropriate number of significant figures.
(e)
Identify two possible sources of systematic error in this experiment and suggest a method to reduce each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is used to determine the resultant of two known forces. The table has a scale of 1 cm = 1 N. The following forces are applied: - Force F₁: magnitude 5 N, direction 30° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. - Force F₂: magnitude 8 N, direction 120° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. The table is then adjusted until equilibrium is achieved by adding a third force (the balancing force). The magnitude and direction of this balancing force are recorded as 9.2 N at 78°. Answer the questions below using the data provided.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each of the two given forces into its horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components (in newtons, to two decimal places).
(b)
Using the components from part (a), calculate the theoretical magnitude and direction of the resultant of F₁ and F₂. Express the magnitude to two decimal places and the direction to the nearest degree.
(c)
The balancing force recorded from the force table is 9.2 N at 78°. Compare this experimental resultant with the theoretical value obtained in part (b) by calculating the percentage difference in magnitude.
(d)
State the difference in direction between the theoretical and experimental results and comment on whether this discrepancy is acceptable for a typical school‑level experiment.
(e)
Suggest two possible sources of experimental error that could account for the observed differences and propose a method to minimise each error.
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Question 3 View Details
A student investigates the motion of a cart down a smooth inclined plane using a ticker timer. The ticker timer marks a dot on a ticker tape at every 0.02 s. The distances (in cm) between successive dots recorded are: 2.1, 2.5, 3.0, 3.6, 4.3, 5.1, 6.0, 7.0, 8.1, 9.3. Using this data, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average speed of the cart over the whole run.
(b)
Estimate the instantaneous speed of the cart at the instant of the 5th dot by averaging the speeds of the 4th‑5th and 5th‑6th intervals.
(c)
Assuming the motion is uniformly accelerated, determine the acceleration of the cart using the method of successive differences of speed.
(d)
State two possible sources of error that could affect the accuracy of the calculated acceleration.
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Question 4 View Details
A spring is hung vertically and a set of masses is attached one at a time. The extensions of the spring are recorded as shown:
Question Parts
(a)
Using the data below, plot a graph of load (N) against extension (m). From the graph, determine the spring constant k (N m⁻¹) by calculating the gradient using the two extreme points.
(b)
If an unknown object caused the spring to extend by 8.5 cm, calculate the mass of the object using the spring constant obtained in part (a).
(c)
Explain why the load‑extension graph should ideally pass through the origin and what a significant deviation from the origin would indicate about the spring.
(d)
State two precautions that should be observed when performing this experiment.
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