neco 2025 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Government is a central institution in any society and its nature determines how a nation is organised.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the term "government" in the context of political science.
(b)
List and briefly explain the three core functions of government.
(c)
Distinguish between the concepts of "state" and "government", highlighting two key differences.
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Question 2 View Details
In recent elections, the participation of young voters (aged 18‑35) in Nigeria has shown a noticeable decline.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse two possible reasons for the decline in youth voter turnout in Nigeria.
(b)
Propose three realistic measures that could be adopted by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to increase youth participation, and explain how each measure addresses the reasons identified in part (a).
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Question 3 View Details
The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria establishes the principle of separation of powers among the three arms of government.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the doctrine of separation of powers.
(b)
Explain how the legislative, executive and judicial arms each embody this doctrine, giving at least one concrete power or function for each arm.
(c)
Critically evaluate the extent to which the separation of powers has succeeded in preventing abuse of power in Nigeria, citing two historical instances.
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Question 4 View Details
Democracy is the prevailing form of government in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Distinguish between direct democracy and representative democracy, indicating which system is practised in Nigeria and why.
(b)
Identify three essential features of a representative democratic system and illustrate how each is manifested in Nigeria's political structure.
(c)
Discuss two major challenges confronting Nigerian democracy today and suggest one practical measure to address each challenge.
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Question 5 View Details
Answer the following questions on the principle of rule of law in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the rule of law and list its essential characteristics.
(b)
Explain why the rule of law is vital for good governance in Nigeria.
(c)
Identify and discuss two major challenges that impede the full realisation of the rule of law in Nigeria.
(d)
Propose two practical measures that could strengthen the application of the rule of law in the country.
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Question 6 View Details
Answer the following questions on the doctrine of separation of powers in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the doctrine of separation of powers and identify the constitutional provisions that embody it in Nigeria.
(b)
Describe the principal functions of each of the three arms of government in Nigeria.
(c)
Assess how effective the separation of powers has been in preventing abuse of power in Nigeria, mentioning at least one strength and one weakness.
(d)
Provide two real‑life examples where the separation of powers was tested in Nigeria and discuss the outcomes of each case.
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Question 7 View Details
The Nigerian Constitution provides for a bicameral National Assembly consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. In the context of Nigeria's democratic governance, answer the following.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the composition and method of election of each chamber, highlighting any differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
(b)
Analyse how the legislative process ensures scrutiny of bills, citing at least two distinct stages where the Senate and the House can amend or reject legislation.
(c)
Evaluate the effectiveness of legislative oversight over the Executive, using two specific mechanisms. Discuss any limitations of these mechanisms.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm of government in Nigeria is headed by the President and includes the Federal Executive Council. Answer the following.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe the constitutional powers of the President in law‑making, foreign affairs and defence, and explain the legal basis for each power.
(b)
Discuss the role of the Federal Executive Council (FEC) in policy formulation and implementation, illustrating with two specific examples of decisions taken by the Council.
(c)
Critically assess the system of checks and balances that constrain the Executive, focusing on the role of the National Assembly and the Judiciary. Provide at least one recent case where such a check was exercised.
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