Practice neco geography 2025 Past Questions | Edcrib

Question 1 View Details

Town X currently has a population of 45,000. The natural increase (births minus deaths) is \(2.4\%\) per year, while net migration is \(-0.8\%\) per year. The government will reclassify the settlement as a town if its population exceeds 50,000 within the next 5 years. Assuming the rates remain constant, will the settlement be reclassified? Show your calculations.

A. No, the projected population after 5 years is about 49,900, which is below 50,000.

B. Yes, the projected population after 5 years is about 51,300, which exceeds 50,000.

Correct C. No, the projected population after 5 years is about 48,700, which is below 50,000.

D. Yes, the projected population after 5 years is about 52,000, which exceeds the threshold of 50,000.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2 View Details

A catchment area of \(12\ \text{km}^2\) receives a uniform rainfall of \(30\ \text{mm}\) over a period of \(2\ \text{hours}\). The infiltration rate is \(5\ \text{mm h}^{-1}\). (i) Determine the runoff depth (in mm). (ii) Calculate the total runoff volume (in m\(^3\)). (iii) Assuming the runoff is released uniformly over the 2‑hour storm, find the average discharge in m\(^3\) s\(^{-1}\). Show all steps.

A. 35.5

B. 30.0

Correct C. 33.3

D. 28.9

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3 View Details

In 2010 the population of Region Y was \(1.2\) million. From 2010 to 2015 the annual growth rate was \(2.5\%\). Due to out‑migration, the effective annual growth rate fell to \(1.2\%\) from 2015 to 2020. Estimate the population of the region in 2020 (to the nearest thousand).

Correct A. 1441000

B. 1422000

C. 1350000

D. 1536000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

The following monthly rainfall (mm) and temperature (°C) data are recorded for a location:\nRainfall (mm): Jan 120, Feb 80, Mar 60, Apr 40, May 30, Jun 20, Jul 10, Aug 15, Sep 35, Oct 70, Nov 110, Dec 130.\nTemperature (°C): Jan 28, Feb 27, Mar 25, Apr 22, May 20, Jun 18, Jul 16, Aug 16, Sep 20, Oct 24, Nov 26, Dec 27.\nUsing the criteria that a savanna vegetation zone occurs where total annual rainfall is between 500 mm and 1000 mm and mean annual temperature exceeds 18 °C, determine the vegetation type of the location.

A. Desert

Correct B. Savanna

C. Grassland

D. Temperate forest

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

A map has a scale of 1 : 50 000. If the distance between two towns on the map measures 3.2 cm, what is the actual ground distance between the towns in kilometres? Show your work.

A. 1600

Correct B. 1.6

C. 16

D. 0.32

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details

In 2015 the population of Town Y was \(85{,}000\). Between 2015 and 2020 the average annual natural increase (births minus deaths) contributed a constant rate of \(1.2\%\) per year, compounded annually. During the same period the town also experienced a constant net migration of the same number of people each year, resulting in a population of \(92{,}000\) in 2020. Assuming the natural increase and net migration acted independently, determine the average net migration per year (to the nearest whole person).

A. 300

B. 275

Correct C. 355

D. 410

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

The diagram shows a high‑pressure centre (H) and a low‑pressure centre (L) situated \(200\) km apart along a north-south line. Isobars are spaced evenly at \(5\) hPa intervals. Point P is located exactly midway between H and L. Assuming geostrophic balance in the Southern Hemisphere, what is the expected wind direction at point P?

A. eastward (from west to east)

Correct B. westward (from east to west)

C. southward (from north to south)

D. northward (from south to north)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

Town X recorded the following monthly rainfall (in mm): Jan 120, Feb 80, Mar 95, Apr 150, May 200, Jun 250, Jul 300, Aug 280, Sep 210, Oct 130, Nov 90, Dec 85. A climate is classified as having a monsoon rainfall pattern if (i) the total annual rainfall exceeds \(2000\) mm, and (ii) at least \(60\%\) of the annual rainfall occurs in the four consecutive months with the highest rainfall. Does Town X satisfy the monsoon rainfall pattern? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. Cannot determine

Correct B. No

C. Yes

D. Maybe

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

A topographic map has a scale of 1 : 50 000 and a contour interval of 20 m. On the map the straight line joining points A and B measures 3 cm, and the contour lines crossing A and B differ by two contour intervals. Determine the ground slope between A and B expressed as a percentage (to one decimal place).

Correct A. 2.7

B. 2.5

C. 2.9

D. 3.0

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

City A is located at \(6^{\circ}\text{N},\;7^{\circ}\text{E}\) and City B at \(9^{\circ}\text{S},\;15^{\circ}\text{W}\). Assuming the Earth is a sphere with radius 6371 km, calculate the great‑circle distance between the two cities. Give your answer in kilometres, rounded to the nearest kilometre.

A. 2600

B. 3120

C. 2785

Correct D. 2943

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

A rock sample consists of \(70\%\) quartz and \(30\%\) calcite by mass. The densities are \(2.65\ \text{g/cm}^3\) for quartz and \(2.71\ \text{g/cm}^3\) for calcite. If the measured bulk density of the rock (including pores) is \(2.55\ \text{g/cm}^3\), calculate the porosity of the rock as a percentage.

A. 3.87%

B. 6.03%

Correct C. 4.41%

D. 5.12%

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

The population of Town A increased from \(120{,}000\) to \(150{,}000\) over a period of 5 years. The average household size is 5 persons and each household occupies \(0.02\) ha of residential land. Assuming the same annual growth rate continues, calculate the additional residential land (in hectares) that will be required for the next 5 years.

A. 130

Correct B. 150

C. 120

D. 180

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

Region X has average monthly temperatures (°C): 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21 and rainfall (mm): 20, 30, 40, 70, 120, 150, 180, 160, 100, 60, 30, 20. Region Y has temperatures (°C): 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 27, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18 and rainfall (mm): 80, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180, 200, 190, 150, 120, 90, 80. Millet requires at least \(600\) mm annual rainfall and a mean annual temperature between \(20^\circ\text{C}\) and \(30^\circ\text{C}\). Which region is more suitable for millet cultivation?

A. Both regions

B. Region X

C. Neither region

Correct D. Region Y

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

The following annual rainfall (mm) data were recorded for a city: 2016 - 1120, 2017 - 1180, 2018 - 1240, 2019 - 1190, 2020 - 1250. Compute the standard deviation of the rainfall (to two decimal places) and state whether the data show an increasing trend, using the slope of the least‑squares regression line (positive slope indicates an increasing trend).

Correct A. Standard deviation = 52.24 mm; increasing trend

B. Standard deviation = 48.15 mm; decreasing trend

C. Standard deviation = 60.00 mm; increasing trend

D. Standard deviation = 55.30 mm; no clear trend

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

A state has a total area of \(25{,}000\) km\(^2\). Land‑use distribution is: Agriculture \(45\%\), Forest \(30\%\), Urban \(10\%\), Water bodies \(5\%\), Barren \(10\%\). The population is \(5\) million. Calculate the per‑capita agricultural land in hectares and indicate whether it exceeds the food‑security threshold of \(0.5\) ha per person.

A. 0.5 ha per person; at the threshold

B. 0.225 ha per person; above the threshold

Correct C. 0.225 ha per person; below the threshold

D. 0.45 ha per person; below the threshold

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

A rock sample has the following mineral composition by weight: quartz 30%, K-feldspar 25%, plagioclase 20%, biotite 15% and amphibole 10%. Assume the silica (SiO2) content of each mineral is: quartz 100%, K-feldspar 65%, plagioclase 55%, biotite 45% and amphibole 45%. Compute the overall silica percentage of the rock and state whether the rock is classified as felsic (silica > 65%) or mafic (silica ≤ 65%).

A. Intermediate

B. Mafic

C. Ultramafic

Correct D. Felsic

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

A river drops from an elevation of \(1200\) m at its source to \(150\) m at its mouth. The straight‑line distance between source and mouth is \(80\) km, but because of meanders the actual channel length is \(1.25\) times the straight distance. Calculate the average gradient in metres per kilometre and indicate whether the river is in the youthful (gradient > 10 m/km), mature (4-10 m/km) or old (gradient < 4 m/km) stage of development.

A. Old

Correct B. Youthful

C. Intermediate

D. Mature

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18 View Details

A cubic block of granite (density \(2700\) kg·m\(^{-3}\)) initially measures \(2\) m on each side. It loses mass by chemical weathering at a rate proportional to its surface area. On day one the block loses \(0.5\) kg. Assuming the block remains a cube as it shrinks uniformly, after how many days will its side length be reduced to \(1.5\) m? Give your answer in days (rounded to the nearest whole day).

A. 3242

B. 31240

C. 34220

Correct D. 32420

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19 View Details

A city records an average of 200,000 vehicle trips per day. The current modal split is: cars 60%, motorcycles 15%, minibuses 10% and other modes 15%. A new Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system is expected to attract 12% of car trips, 20% of motorcycle trips and 30% of minibus trips. Each attracted car trip reduces daily CO\(_2\) emissions by 0.25 kg, each attracted motorcycle trip by 0.15 kg and each attracted minibus trip by 0.20 kg. In addition, the remaining car trips (those not attracted to BRT) will experience a 10% reduction in per‑trip emissions because of smoother traffic flow; the original per‑car‑trip emission is 0.30 kg. Calculate the total reduction in daily CO\(_2\) emissions (in kilograms) after the BRT system becomes operational.

A. 9300

B. 7668

Correct C. 8868

D. 5700

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A railway line transports freight over a distance of 500 km. The fixed cost per train trip is \(\text{₦}150,000\). The variable cost per ton‑kilometre is \(\text{₦}0.12\) for the first 1,000 tonnes of load. For each tonne above 1,000 tonnes, the variable cost per ton‑kilometre decreases by \(\text{₦}0.00002\) (but it cannot fall below \(\text{₦}0.08\)). Road transport has no fixed cost and a constant variable cost of \(\text{₦}0.25\) per ton‑kilometre. Determine the minimum whole‑tonne load that makes railway transport cheaper than road transport.

A. 1998

B. 2500

Correct C. 2002

D. 2100

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21 View Details

On a map, the distance between Town A and Town B is \(3\) cm. The map scale is \(1\) cm : \(5\) km. The actual distance between Town B and Town C is \(20\) km, but the map distance is not marked. What is the map distance (in cm) between Town B and Town C?

A. 8

B. 2

C. 5

Correct D. 4

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

A farmer intends to cultivate maize on \(12\) hectares. The expected yield is \(3.5\) tonnes per hectare. Production cost is \(45{,}000\) naira per hectare. The market price is \(120{,}000\) naira per tonne. The government offers a subsidy of \(15\%\) on the market price for the first \(30\) tonnes sold and an additional \(5\%\) on any quantity above \(30\) tonnes. Any unsold produce can be sold to a processor at \(95{,}000\) naira per tonne. Assuming the farmer sells the produce to maximise profit, determine the farmer's total profit (in naira).

A. 4800000

B. 5040000

C. 5600000

Correct D. 5112000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

The following forecast gives temperature (\(^\circ\)C) and wind speed (km/h) for three days: Day 1: \(T=30\), \(V=20\); Day 2: \(T=28\), \(V=15\); Day 3: \(T=32\), \(V=25\). Using the wind‑chill formula \(WC = 13.12 + 0.6215T - 11.37V^{0.16} + 0.3965TV^{0.15}\), which day has the lowest wind‑chill temperature? Give your answer as "Day 1", "Day 2", or "Day 3".

A. Day 1

B. Day 3

C. Day 4

Correct D. Day 2

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

Two regions are being evaluated for suitability for rice cultivation. The suitability index is calculated as\n\(S = 0.4\left(\frac{R}{1200}\right) + 0.3\left(1-\frac{|T-27|}{27}\right) + 0.2\left(1-\frac{|pH-6.5|}{6.5}\right) - 0.1\left(\frac{D}{1000}\right)\),\nwhere \(R\) = average annual rainfall (mm), \(T\) = mean annual temperature (°C), \(pH\) = soil pH, and \(D\) = population density (people per km\(^2\)). For Region X: \(R=1400\) mm, \(T=26\)°C, \(pH=6.2\), \(D=250\). For Region Y: \(R=1100\) mm, \(T=28\)°C, \(pH=6.8\), \(D=150\). Which region has the higher suitability index for rice? Provide the region name.

A. Region Z

Correct B. Region X

C. Region Y

D. Region W

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

The map shows two towns, A and B, connected by a straight road. The map scale is \(1\) cm : \(10\) km. The road segment on the map is labelled \(6\) cm. What is the actual distance between the towns in kilometres?

A. 50

B. 120

Correct C. 60

D. 70

Correct Answer: C

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