neco 2024 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
An irregularly shaped metal specimen is to be investigated for its density using a spring balance and a graduated cylinder. The procedure is: 1. Zero the spring balance and hang the specimen. Record the mass reading. 2. Fill a clean graduated cylinder with water to an initial volume and record the reading. 3. Gently lower the specimen into the water (without touching the sides) and record the new water level. 4. Remove the specimen, dry it and return the balance to zero. The following data are obtained: - Mass reading on the spring balance: 45.6 g - Initial water volume: 30.0 mL - Final water volume after immersion: 38.5 mL - Temperature of the water: 25 °C (density of water at this temperature = 0.997 g·cm⁻³) Using the above information, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the volume of the specimen in cm³.
(b)
Determine the density of the specimen in g·cm⁻³, taking into account the water density at 25 °C.
(c)
Identify two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest a practical method to minimise each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is set up to investigate the resultant of two forces acting on a small wooden block. The following forces are applied: - Force \(F_{1}\): magnitude 30 N, direction 0° (along the positive x‑axis). - Force \(F_{2}\): magnitude 40 N, direction 60° measured counter‑clockwise from the positive x‑axis. The block is then allowed to move 2.00 m along the line of action of the resultant force. Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each force into its horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components (in newtons).
(b)
Determine the magnitude and direction (angle measured from the positive x‑axis) of the resultant force \(R\).
(c)
If the block moves 2.00 m along the line of action of \(R\), calculate the work done on the block by the resultant force.
(d)
State one systematic error that could affect the accuracy of the resultant force obtained from the force table and suggest a method to reduce it.
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Question 3 View Details
A student investigates the motion of a cart down a smooth inclined plane using a ticker timer that marks dots at a frequency of 50 Hz (i.e., one dot every 0.02 s). The distances covered in five successive intervals are recorded as follows:\n\nInterval (s) | Distance covered (m)\n------------|----------------------\n0.00‑0.02 | 0.012\n0.02‑0.04 | 0.015\n0.04‑0.06 | 0.018\n0.06‑0.08 | 0.022\n0.08‑0.10 | 0.027\n\nUsing this data, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the instantaneous speed of the cart for each interval.
(b)
Assuming the acceleration is constant, determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the cart.
(c)
State one possible source of systematic error in this experiment.
(d)
Suggest one improvement to reduce random error in the measurement of speed.
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Question 4 View Details
A student determines the force constant (k) of a spring by two methods – the static extension method and the dynamic oscillation method. The apparatus consists of a vertical spring fixed at the upper end, a set of calibrated masses, a ruler, and a stopwatch. The data obtained are as follows.\n\nStatic method (mass m in kg, extension x in cm):\n\n m (kg) | Extension x (cm)\n--------|-----------------\n0.20 | 2.5\n0.40 | 5.0\n0.60 | 7.5\n0.80 |10.0\n1.00 |12.5\n\nDynamic method (mass m in kg, period T in s):\n\n m (kg) | Period T (s)\n--------|--------------\n0.50 | 0.50\n0.80 | 0.63\n\nUsing g = 9.8 m s⁻², answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the spring constant k from the static method using any one data point.
(b)
Determine k from the dynamic method for each mass and then obtain the average value of k.
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