Practice neco islamic_religious_studies 2024 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 CE. He received his first revelation at age \(40\), and he migrated (Hijra) to Medina at age \(53\). The Islamic calendar (AH) starts in the year of Hijra. Determine the Gregorian year that marks the beginning of the 5th Islamic year (AH 5).

A. 626

B. 628

Correct C. 627

D. 630

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2 View Details

Name the compiler of the hadith collection \(\text{Sahih al‑Bukhari}\).

A. Ibn Majah

Correct B. Muhammad al-Bukhari

C. Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

D. Abu Dawood

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

Calculate the total number of raka'ah performed in a day if a Muslim observes the obligatory prayers (Fajr \(2\) raka'ah, Dhuhr \(4\), Asr \(4\), Maghrib \(3\), Isha \(4\)) and also performs the two raka'ah Sunnah after Maghrib and an extra two raka'ah Nafl after Isha, but omits the two raka'ah Sunnah before Fajr.

Correct A. 21

B. 20

C. 19

D. 23

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

Three West African kingdoms converted to Islam at different times. Kingdom A converted in 1060 CE with an initial population of 200,000 and an annual growth rate of 2\%. Kingdom B converted in 1100 CE with an initial population of 150,000 and a growth rate of 2.5\%. Kingdom C converted in 1150 CE with an initial population of 100,000 and a growth rate of 3\%. In each kingdom, \(80\%\) of the population became Muslim immediately upon conversion, and the proportion of Muslims remained constant thereafter as the population grew. Calculate the total Muslim population across the three kingdoms in the year 1200 CE, rounded to the nearest thousand.

A. 4280000

B. 4350000

Correct C. 4323000

D. 4300000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

The caliphate began in 632 CE, the year of the Prophet's death. The reigns of the Rightly Guided Caliphs were: Abu Bakr - 2 years and 3 months; Umar - 10 years; Uthman - 12 years; Ali - 5 years. A treaty was signed exactly 15 years after the start of the caliphate. Identify the caliph who was ruling at that time and give the Gregorian year of the treaty.

A. Uthman ibn Affan, 650 CE

B. Ali ibn Abi Talib, 647 CE

C. Umar ibn al-Khattab, 647 CE

Correct D. Uthman ibn Affan, 647 CE

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

An Islamic micro‑finance institution (IMFI) offers a mudarabah partnership where the capital provider contributes \(N100{,}000\). The profit‑sharing agreement states that the entrepreneur receives \(40\%\) of any profit, the capital provider \(60\%\), provided the annual profit does not exceed \(20\%\) of the capital. If the profit exceeds \(20\%\), the excess is deemed riba and must be returned to the capital provider, nullifying the entrepreneur's share for that excess. In a particular year the venture generated a total profit of \(N28{,}000\).\n\n(a) Determine the amount of profit that is permissible under the agreement.\n(b) Calculate the entrepreneur's share of the permissible profit.\n(c) State whether the transaction as a whole complies with the Islamic principle prohibiting riba.

A. Permissible profit = N22,400; Entrepreneur's share = N8,960; Transaction complies with the prohibition of riba (Yes).

B. Permissible profit = N20,000; Entrepreneur's share = N9,000; Transaction complies with the prohibition of riba (No).

Correct C. Permissible profit = N20,000; Entrepreneur's share = N8,000; Transaction complies with the prohibition of riba (Yes).

D. Permissible profit = N18,000; Entrepreneur's share = N7,200; Transaction complies with the prohibition of riba (Yes).

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

Mr. Ahmed dies leaving an estate valued at \(N5{,}000{,}000\). His legal heirs are: his wife, his mother, two sons and one daughter. According to the Qur'anic rules of inheritance:\n\n- The wife is entitled to \(\frac{1}{8}\) of the estate (since there are more than four heirs).\n- The mother receives \(\frac{1}{6}\) of the estate.\n- The remaining estate is distributed among the children, with each son receiving twice the share of the daughter.\n\nCalculate the exact monetary share for each heir.

A. Wife: N625,000; Mother: N833,333.33; Each son: N1,500,000; Daughter: N750,000

B. Wife: N625,000; Mother: N833,333.33; Each son: N1,416,666.67; Daughter: N708,333.34

C. Wife: N625,000; Mother: N833,333.33; Each son: N1,250,000; Daughter: N625,000

Correct D. Wife: N625,000; Mother: N833,333.33; Each son: N1,416,666.67; Daughter: N708,333.33

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

A recent survey of 1,200 Muslims asked about the impact of social‑media use on religious knowledge. The results were:\n\n- 68 % said it improves their knowledge.\n- 45 % said it leads to misconceptions.\n- 30 % said both improvement and misconceptions occur.\n\nUsing these data, determine:\n(a) the number of respondents who experience only improvement,\n(b) the number who experience only misconceptions,\n(c) the number who experience neither,\n(d) which group is the largest.

Correct A. Only improvement: 456 respondents; Only misconceptions: 180; Neither: 204; Largest group: only improvement (456).

B. Only improvement: 480 respondents; Only misconceptions: 150; Neither: 210; Largest group: only improvement (480).

C. Only improvement: 432 respondents; Only misconceptions: 210; Neither: 258; Largest group: only misconceptions (210).

D. Only improvement: 400 respondents; Only misconceptions: 200; Neither: 300; Largest group: neither (300).

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

A Muslim performs the five daily prayers with the following numbers of Rak'ahs: Fajr 2, Dhuhr 4, Asr 4, Maghrib 3, Isha 4. On Fridays, the Dhuhr prayer is replaced by the Jumu'ah prayer, which consists of 2 Rak'ahs (the sermon is not counted). In a 30‑day month that contains 4 Fridays, calculate the total number of Rak'ahs performed in that month.

Correct A. 502 Rak'ahs

B. 504 Rak'ahs

C. 498 Rak'ahs

D. 500 Rak'ahs

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

Match each of the following statements with the aspect of Tawhid it exemplifies:\n\nA) "Allah is the Creator of the heavens and the earth."\nB) "Only Allah is worthy of worship."\nC) "Allah is All‑Knowing."\nD) "Allah has no partners in His attributes."\n\nThe aspects are: (i) Tawhid al‑Rububiyyah (Oneness of Lordship), (ii) Tawhid al‑Uluhiyyah (Oneness of Worship), (iii) Tawhid al‑Asma' wa al‑Sifat (Oneness of Names and Attributes).

A. A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-ii

Correct B. A‑i, B‑ii, C‑iii, D‑iii

C. A-iii, B-i, C-i, D-ii

D. A-ii, B-ii, C-iii, D-i

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

A contemporary mufti is asked to issue a ruling on a new financial transaction that is not mentioned in the Qur'an or Sunnah. He first checks whether there is a consensus (ijma) among scholars, finds none, and then uses analogical reasoning (qiyas) based on a similar transaction that is prohibited in the Qur'an. According to the classical hierarchy of Shariah sources, which source provides the ultimate authority for his ruling?

A. Qiyas

B. Sunnah

C. Ijma

Correct D. Qur'an

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

Which Surah of the Qur'an is traditionally called the "Heart of the Qur'an" because of its narrative style and moral lessons?

A. Surah Al-Baqarah

B. Surah Maryam

C. Surah Al-Kahf

Correct D. Surah Yusuf

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

Two hadiths are reported concerning the permissibility of a certain food. Hadith A is narrated by a chain of three trustworthy narrators (Sahih). Hadith B is narrated by a chain that includes one narrator known to have a weak memory (Da'if). According to the principles of hadith criticism, which hadith should be given precedence when forming a legal ruling?

A. Neither hadith is used

Correct B. Hadith A

C. Hadith B

D. Both hadiths equally

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) received the first revelation in 610 CE and migrated to Medina (Hijra) in 622 CE. Assuming a solar year is 365.25 days and a lunar year is 354 days, how many complete lunar years elapsed between the first revelation and the Hijra? (Round down to the nearest whole lunar year.)

A. 13

B. 11

Correct C. 12

D. 10

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

The reigns of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs are recorded as follows: Abu Bakr - 2 years 3 months; Umar - 10 years 1 month; Uthman - 12 years 1 month; Ali - 5 years 7 months. What is the total combined duration of their reigns expressed in whole years and months?

A. 29 years

B. 32 years

C. 31 years

Correct D. 30 years

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

A person unintentionally spreads a false statement about a neighbour, damaging the neighbour's reputation. According to Islamic ethics (Akhlaq), what remedial action should the person undertake to rectify the wrongdoing?

A. Ignore the incident and perform extra prayers for the neighbour (ta'deel).

B. Offer a monetary gift to the neighbour without seeking forgiveness (ta'deel).

C. Apologize to the neighbour without offering any compensation (ta'deel).

Correct D. Seek forgiveness from the neighbour and offer appropriate compensation (ta'deel).

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

A speaker says: \(Allah alone provides sustenance, controls the heavens and the earth, and determines the destiny of all creatures.\) Which aspect of Tawhid does this statement primarily illustrate?

A. Tawhid al‑Ibadah (the oneness of Allah's Worship)

B. Tawhid al‑Uluwwiyyah (the oneness of Allah's Divinity)

Correct C. Tawhid al‑Rububiyyah (the oneness of Allah's Lordship)

D. Tawhid al‑Asma wa‑Sifat (the oneness of Allah's Names and Attributes)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18 View Details

When a contemporary financial transaction is not explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an or Sunnah, which methodological process do qualified scholars employ to derive a ruling, and which secondary source supports this process?

A. Istihsān, supported by qiyās (analogical reasoning)

Correct B. Ijtihad, supported by qiyās (analogical reasoning)

C. Qiyās, supported by ijmāʿ (consensus)

D. Ijmaʿ, supported by istihsān (juristic preference)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19 View Details

A man claims that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said angels will intercede on behalf of his wealth on the Day of Judgment. Does this statement constitute shirk, and if so, which type?

A. Yes, it is shirk al‑kufr (major shirk of disbelief)

Correct B. Yes, it is shirk al‑‘ibādah (associating partners in worship)

C. No, it is not shirk; it is merely a cultural belief

D. Yes, it is shirk al‑‘udhr (minor shirk of oaths)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20 View Details

A trader offers a partner a profit‑and‑loss sharing partnership where the partner receives 30% of any profit and bears 30% of any loss, while the trader retains the remaining 70%. The partner also receives a fixed monthly payment of ₦5,000 regardless of profit. Is this arrangement permissible under Islamic commercial law? Justify your answer.

A. Permissible - the fixed monthly payment is treated as a legitimate salary for the partner.

Correct B. Not permissible - the fixed monthly payment is riba and invalidates the mudarabah arrangement.

C. Permissible - the arrangement is a valid mudarabah because the profit share is correctly allocated.

D. Not permissible - any profit‑and‑loss sharing contract is prohibited regardless of fixed payments.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

Two trans‑Saharan trade routes were used by Muslim scholars in the 12th century. The southern route from the North‑African city of Tunis to the Ghana Empire is \(1800\) km long, while the northern route from Tunis to the Mali Empire is \(2500\) km long. Scholars started their journeys simultaneously in the year \(1100\) CE. On the southern route, a scholar travels at an average speed of \(20\) km per day and the Ghanaian ruler adopts Islam \(4\) years after the scholar's arrival. On the northern route, a scholar travels at an average speed of \(30\) km per day and the Malian ruler adopts Islam \(5\) years after the scholar's arrival. Which empire adopted Islam earlier, and in what year did that adoption occur? Express the answer as the empire name followed by the year (e.g., "Ghana 1104").

A. Mali 1105

Correct B. Ghana 1104

C. Ghana 1105

D. Mali 1104

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

A Muslim performs the five daily prayers each day. The numbers of rak\'ahs in the prayers are: Fajr \(2\), Dhuhr \(4\), Asr \(4\), Maghrib \(3\), Isha \(4\). Before each prayer the worshipper performs wudu, which consists of four distinct actions (wash hands, rinse mouth, wash face, wash feet). If the worshipper forgets to perform wudu before one of the five daily prayers, how many individual ritual actions (rak\'ahs plus wudu actions) are performed in a full week? Give your answer as a single integer.

A. 251

Correct B. 255

C. 259

D. 231

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

Among the major Sunni hadith collections—Sahih al‑Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu‑Dawud, Jami` at‑Tirmidhi, and Sunan an‑Nasai—which collection is regarded by most Sunni scholars as the most authentic, and why?

Correct A. Sahih al‑Bukhari, because Imam Bukhari used the strictest criteria for authenticity.

B. Sunan Abu‑Dawud, because it focuses primarily on legal rulings rather than authenticity.

C. Jami` at‑Tirmidhi, because it includes the most extensive commentary on each hadith.

D. Sahih Muslim, because Imam Muslim compiled the largest number of hadiths.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

The Umayyad Caliphate in Spain existed from \(756\) CE to \(1031\) CE, the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad from \(750\) CE to \(1258\) CE, and the Ottoman Empire claimed the caliphate from \(1517\) CE to \(1924\) CE. Defining "continuous Islamic political authority" as any year in which at least one of these three entities was in existence, calculate the total number of years between \(750\) CE and \(1924\) CE during which there was **no** such authority (i.e., the gaps). Provide the answer as a single integer representing the number of gap years.

A. 165

B. 157

Correct C. 158

D. 159

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

The number of Muslim traders operating in West Africa is modelled by the logistic function \(N(t)=\frac{K}{1+ae^{-bt}}\), where \(K=5000\) is the carrying capacity, \(t\) is the number of years after the start of observation, and \(a,b\) are positive constants. At the start (\(t=0\)) there were \(200\) traders, and after \(30\) years there were \(1500\) traders.\n\n(a) Determine the intrinsic growth rate \(b\) (to three decimal places).\n(b) Using this model, find the calendar year (to the nearest year) in which the number of traders will reach \(4000\), given that the observation started in \(1200\) CE.

A. b ≈ 0.085; year 1248

Correct B. b ≈ 0.078; year 1259

C. b ≈ 0.072; year 1265

D. b ≈ 0.060; year 1275

Correct Answer: B

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