neco 2024 data_processing | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
A secondary school class of 40 students is to be surveyed about their preferred mode of transport to school. The responses were recorded in the order shown: W, B, B, Bus, C, W, W, M, Bus, Bus, W, C, B, W, Bus, M, W, B, Bus, C, W, B, Bus, W, M, Bus, C, B, W, Bus, W, C, B, M, Bus, W, B, C, Bus, W where W = Walk, B = Bicycle, Bus = Bus, C = Car, M = Motorbike. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Design a short questionnaire for this survey. In your design state the variable being measured, its data type, and suggest an appropriate sampling method for a larger school population.
(b)
Construct a frequency table showing the number of students who chose each mode of transport.
(c)
Interpret the results. State which mode is most popular and recommend one school policy that could be justified by the data.
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Question 2 View Details
A small retail shop recorded the number of units sold each week for eight consecutive weeks. The data are: 23, 27, 31, 22, 35, 28, 30, 24 Using this data, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean, median, mode and range of the weekly sales.
(b)
Construct a grouped frequency distribution with class intervals of width 5 units, starting from 20. Include a column for cumulative frequency.
(c)
Using the grouped data, estimate the mean weekly sales by assuming each observation lies at the class midpoint.
(d)
Discuss which measure of central tendency (mean, median or mode) is most appropriate for summarising this data and justify your choice.
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Question 3 View Details
A small business uses a computer system to manage its daily sales records. The system receives the sales data each day, stores the data, processes it to generate a monthly summary report, and then distributes the report to the manager.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the four stages of the Data Processing Cycle as they apply to this system and give a brief description of what is done in each stage.
(b)
The manager wishes the monthly report to be generated automatically at the end of each month without any manual intervention. Explain which stage(s) of the cycle need to be modified or enhanced and why.
(c)
After a report has been generated, an error is discovered in the sales data for one of the days. Discuss how the Data Processing Cycle can be used to correct the error and to prevent its recurrence.
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Question 4 View Details
A university library maintains digital copies of its e‑books. The collection consists of 12,000 files. Each e‑book file is stored using one of three possible file‑organization methods: sequential, indexed, or direct (hashed). The library wants to retrieve any e‑book by its ISBN number as quickly as possible.
Question Parts
(a)
Define sequential, indexed and direct file organization, stating the basic principle behind each method.
(b)
For retrieval by ISBN, which file‑organization method would you recommend? Justify your choice by comparing the average access time, using the following assumptions: - Sequential access requires scanning on average half the files. - Indexed access uses a primary index that can be searched in log₂(12,000) ≈ 14 comparisons. - Direct access uses a hash function that gives the exact location in one step, but 5 % of the time a collision occurs requiring one additional comparison.
(c)
Calculate the expected number of comparisons required to retrieve a file under the recommended method, and also under each of the other two methods.
(d)
Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of the recommended (direct) method in the context of the library’s needs.
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Question 5 View Details
A small retail store maintains a relational database that records information about its products, suppliers and purchase orders. The tables are defined as follows: Products( PID, PName, UnitPrice, SupplierID ) Suppliers( SID, SName, City ) Orders( OID, PID, Qty, OrderDate ) Assume that: - PID uniquely identifies each product. - SID uniquely identifies each supplier. - OID uniquely identifies each order. - Each product is supplied by exactly one supplier (SupplierID references SID). - The store records the quantity (Qty) of a product ordered on a particular OrderDate. Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
State the primary key of each table and list any functional dependencies that violate the Third Normal Form (3NF) in the above design.
(b)
Decompose any table that is not in 3NF into relations that satisfy 3NF. Give the resulting relation schemas.
(c)
Write an SQL statement that lists the names of suppliers who supplied products whose total purchase amount (UnitPrice × Qty) exceeded ₦500,000 during March 2024. Explain briefly how the query works.
(d)
The store wishes to execute a transaction that (i) updates the UnitPrice of a product and (ii) inserts a new order for that product. Explain how the ACID properties ensure the transaction is safe, and state an isolation level that would prevent a lost‑update problem.
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Question 6 View Details
A digital system has three binary inputs A, B and C and one output Z. The output is defined by the truth table below. | A | B | C | Z | |---|---|---|---| | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Using this information, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Write the canonical Sum‑of‑Products (SOP) and Product‑of‑Sums (POS) expressions for Z.
(b)
Using a Karnaugh map, obtain the minimal SOP and minimal POS forms. Show the grouping used.
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Question 7 View Details
A secondary school has recently adopted an online learning management system (LMS) to deliver lessons and store student performance data. The LMS requires each student to create a personal account using their school email address and a password. The system records attendance, grades, assignment submissions, and also logs the IP address and device type each time a student logs in. The school plans to make the LMS accessible to parents via a separate portal that displays their child's academic progress. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Identify three ethical concerns arising from the use of this LMS in the described context.
(b)
For each ethical concern listed in part (a), propose a specific technical or organisational measure that could mitigate the concern, and briefly justify why it is appropriate.
(c)
Discuss how the implementation of the security measures you suggested in part (b) might conflict with the goal of making the LMS easily accessible to all users, and suggest a balanced approach.
(d)
Outline a concise policy framework (no more than four bullet points) that the school could adopt to govern the ethical and secure use of the LMS.
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Question 8 View Details
A small retail shop in Lagos decides to adopt a mobile payment system that allows customers to pay using QR codes linked to a bank's digital wallet. The shop owner expects faster checkout, reduced cash handling, and the ability to attract tech‑savvy customers. However, the community around the shop includes many elderly customers who are not familiar with smartphones, and the shop's Wi‑Fi connection is occasionally unstable. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse three potential benefits and three possible risks (including non‑technical risks) that the shop may experience by introducing the mobile payment system.
(b)
Propose two complementary strategies the shop owner can implement to mitigate the risks identified in part (a) while preserving the benefits.
(c)
Evaluate the environmental sustainability of switching from cash to mobile payments, considering both positive and negative aspects.
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