Practice neco civic_education 2023 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A new municipal by‑law prohibits street vendors from operating between \(6\text{ am}\) and \(8\text{ pm}\). However, a state law enacted earlier allows street vending from \(5\text{ am}\) to \(9\text{ pm}\). Which principle determines which law prevails, and what is the correct outcome?

A. State law prevails; street vending is allowed from 6 am to 8 pm.

B. Municipal by‑law prevails; street vending is allowed from 5 am to 9 pm.

C. State law prevails; street vending is allowed from 5 am to 8 pm.

Correct D. State law prevails; street vending is allowed from 5 am to 9 pm.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

State one fundamental right that Nigerian citizens acquire automatically at birth.

A. Right to education

Correct B. Right to life

C. Right to free speech

D. Right to property

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

An amendment to the Constitution requires a two‑thirds majority in the Senate (60 members) and a simple majority in the House of Representatives (200 members). In a recent vote, 45 senators voted in favour and 120 representatives voted in favour. Does the amendment pass? Show your reasoning.

A. No, the amendment fails because the Senate vote is insufficient.

B. No, the amendment does not pass.

Correct C. Yes, the amendment passes.

D. Yes, the amendment passes with a simple majority only.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

A driver incurs the following traffic offences within a 12‑month period: first offence - speeding over the limit by 20 km/h (3 penalty points, 50 % discount for first offence); second offence - another speeding over the limit by 20 km/h (3 points); third offence - running a red light (4 points); fourth offence - driving without a seat‑belt (2 points). The law states that a total of 12 or more points within 12 months leads to licence suspension. Calculate the driver's total points after applying the discount and state whether the licence is suspended.

A. Total points = 9; licence not suspended

Correct B. Total points = 10.5; licence not suspended

C. Total points = 12; licence suspended

D. Total points = 11; licence not suspended

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

In a health survey, 5,000 youths aged 15‑19 and 5,000 youths aged 20‑24 were sampled. Among the younger group, 400 reported using illicit drugs; among the older group, 150 reported using illicit drugs. Calculate the prevalence in each age group and the relative risk of drug use for the 15‑19 group compared with the 20‑24 group. Which age group is at higher risk?

A. 20‑24 age group; relative risk \(\approx 0.38\)

B. 20‑24 age group; relative risk \(\approx 2.67\)

Correct C. 15‑19 age group; relative risk \(\approx 2.67\)

D. 15‑19 age group; relative risk \(\approx 1.33\)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

A public servant's gross monthly salary \(S\) is subject to two deductions: a tax and a pension contribution. The tax is calculated as follows: if \(S\leq150{,}000\) naira, tax =10% of \(S\); if \(S>150{,}000\) naira, tax =10% of the first \(150{,}000\) plus 15% of the amount exceeding \(150{,}000\). The pension contribution is a flat 8% of \(S\). After all deductions the net salary must be exactly \(130{,}000\) naira. Determine the gross salary \(S\) (rounded to the nearest naira).

A. 158537

B. 157051

Correct C. 159091

D. 159090

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

Three independent anti‑corruption mechanisms operate in a government department: internal audit detects 40% of corrupt acts, a citizen whistle‑blower detects 30%, and random inspection detects 25%. Assuming independence, (a) what is the probability that a corrupt act is detected by at least one mechanism? (b) If each detected act results in a penalty equal to five times the amount stolen, and the average amount stolen per act is \(A\) naira, compute the expected unrecovered loss per act. (c) The department wants the expected unrecovered loss to be less than \(50{,}000\) naira. What is the maximum average amount \(A\) that can be tolerated (rounded to the nearest naira)?

Correct A. 158730

B. 150000

C. 140000

D. 165000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

At the start of a year the country has 200{,}000{,}000 citizens, all by birth. During the year 2{,}500{,}000 children are born. Of these births, 85% are to Nigerian parents, 10% to foreign parents and 5% have unknown parentage. Additionally, 150{,}000 people are naturalised as citizens by registration. Assuming only the births to Nigerian parents become citizens by birth, compute the percentage of the total population at the end of the year that are citizens by birth (rounded to two decimal places).

Correct A. 99.74

B. 98.74

C. 99.94

D. 99.24

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

A local government has an annual budget of \(120\) million naira. Five percent of the total budget is set aside for an emergency fund and cannot be allocated to core responsibilities. The remaining amount must be distributed among three responsibilities: health (at least 30% of the total budget), education (between 25% and 40% of the total budget), and infrastructure (the remainder). Determine the possible range (minimum and maximum) of the amount that can be allocated to infrastructure, expressed in million naira.

A. 5 to 48

B. 0 to 45

Correct C. 0 to 48

D. 0 to 50

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

A university monitors cult membership each year. At the beginning of Year 1 there are 800 members. Each year the membership grows by 15% of the current number, but an anti‑cult campaign then removes a fixed 200 members. The process repeats annually. After how many full years will the membership fall below 500 members? (Assume the removal occurs after the growth each year.)

Correct A. 4

B. 3

C. 7

D. 5

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

A secondary school student was expelled for wearing a T‑shirt bearing a political slogan during school hours. The student claims his constitutional right was violated. Identify the specific right that is infringed and state whether the school's action can be justified under any constitutional limitation.

A. Freedom of expression; the expulsion is justified

Correct B. Freedom of expression; the expulsion is not justified

C. Right to privacy; the expulsion is justified

D. Freedom of assembly; the expulsion is not justified

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

A group of citizens organised a peaceful protest demanding better water supply. The police ordered the protest to disperse because the assembly was near a primary school. The protesters argue that their right to peaceful assembly is being violated. Under the Nigerian Constitution, which legal test must the police satisfy to lawfully restrict the assembly?

A. The proportionality and reasonableness test

B. The public interest test

C. The reasonableness and necessity test

Correct D. The necessity and proportionality test

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

In a town of 12,000 eligible voters, 68% voted in the last local election. Of those who voted, 75% also paid their local taxes on time. Among the non‑voters, 10% paid their taxes on time. How many people in total paid their taxes on time?

A. 6420

B. 6504

C. 6580

Correct D. 6528

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A driver travels a total distance of 150 km from point A to point B. The journey is divided into three segments: the first 60 km are driven at 80 km/h where the speed limit is 70 km/h; the next 50 km are driven at 100 km/h where the limit is 90 km/h; the final 40 km are driven at 120 km/h where the limit is 100 km/h. The fine for each segment is calculated as (speed excess)^2 × 50 Naira. Calculate (a) the total fine payable, and (b) how many minutes less the driver took compared with the minimum travel time if he had obeyed all speed limits.

A. ₦30,000 and 10 minutes

Correct B. ₦30,000 and 14 minutes

C. ₦25,000 and 12 minutes

D. ₦35,000 and 16 minutes

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

State one core value that is emphasized in the Nigerian civic education curriculum.

A. Responsibility

B. Respect

Correct C. Honesty

D. Patriotism

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

In a mixed electoral system, \(60\%\) of the \(200\) seats in the National Assembly are filled by first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) contests in single‑member districts, and the remaining \(40\%\) are allocated by proportional representation (PR). Party X receives \(30\%\) of the total national vote and wins \(45\%\) of the district seats. Assuming PR seats are distributed strictly in proportion to the vote share, what percentage of the total Assembly seats does Party X obtain? Express your answer to one decimal place.

A. 57.0\\%

Correct B. 39.0\%

C. 27.0\\%

D. 45.0\\%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

A law on public assemblies requires organizers to obtain a permit at least 30 days before the event. The permit may be refused if the police estimate a probability of public disorder exceeding \(15\%\). In a planned protest, the police estimate the probability of disorder to be \(20\%\). According to the principle that restrictions on freedom of assembly must be reasonable and not give undue discretion, may the police lawfully refuse the permit? Answer "Yes" if the refusal is lawful, otherwise "No".

A. No, because the law does not allow discretion

Correct B. Yes

C. No

D. No, because the probability is below the threshold

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18 View Details

Amending the Constitution requires a two‑thirds majority in both houses of the National Assembly (total members: \(200\) in the lower house and \(150\) in the upper house) and subsequent ratification by at least \(50\%\)+\(1\) of the \(2\,000\,000\) registered voters. In a recent amendment vote, \(190\) members of the lower house and \(120\) members of the upper house voted in favour. In the referendum, \(950\,000\) votes were cast, of which \(480\,000\) were in favour. Does the amendment pass? Answer "Yes" if it is adopted, otherwise "No".

A. Undecided

B. Cannot determine

Correct C. No

D. Yes

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

According to the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, a person born outside Nigeria to parents who are both Nigerian citizens acquires citizenship by which mode of acquisition? Provide the phrase exactly as used in the Constitution.

A. by birth

B. by registration

Correct C. by descent

D. by naturalisation

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A public officer receives an illegal bribe of \(\text{₦}500\,000\). Under the Anti‑Corruption Act, the officer must pay a fine equal to \(10\%\) of the bribe amount. If the fine is not paid within 30 days, an additional penalty of \(20\%\) of the fine is imposed. The officer's declared legal income for the year is \(\text{₦}2\,000\,000\) and is subject to a \(5\%\) income tax. Assuming the officer pays the fine, the penalty (because of late payment), and the income tax on the legal income, calculate (a) the total monetary liability (fine + penalty + income tax) and (b) the net amount the officer retains after all payments. Give your answers in naira, rounded to the nearest naira.

A. (a) \text{₦}180,000; (b) \text{₦}2,320,000

Correct B. (a) \text{₦}160,000; (b) \text{₦}2,340,000

C. (a) \text{₦}130,000; (b) \text{₦}2,370,000

D. (a) \text{₦}157,500; (b) \text{₦}2,342,500

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

What was the voter turnout percentage (to two decimal places) and what proportion of the valid votes did Party A receive (as a percentage to the nearest whole number)? State whether Party A obtained a majority of the valid votes (yes/no).

Correct A. 84.21%, 60%, Yes

B. 82.50%, 55%, No

C. 85.00%, 60%, No

D. 84.21%, 58%, Yes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22 View Details

A community can follow one of two peace‑building strategies. Strategy 1 applies mediation, then economic incentives (only if mediation succeeds), then education campaigns (only if both previous steps succeed). The probabilities of success are: mediation 0.40; economic incentives given successful mediation 0.50; education given the two previous successes 0.60. Strategy 2 skips mediation and starts with economic incentives (base success probability 0.30) followed by education (conditional success 0.55). Assuming each step is undertaken only after the preceding one succeeds, which strategy gives the higher overall probability of achieving lasting peace and what is that probability (expressed as a percentage to one decimal place)?

A. 12.0%, Strategy 1

Correct B. 16.5%, Strategy 2

C. 13.5%, Strategy 2

D. 15.0%, Strategy 2

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

Which core civic value is demonstrated by a citizen who volunteers to clean a public park without expecting any personal reward?

A. civic engagement

B. community involvement

Correct C. social responsibility

D. patriotism

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

In Nigeria, a constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in both the Senate (109 senators) and the House of Representatives (360 members). A proposal receives 70 votes in the Senate and 240 votes in the House. Does it satisfy the amendment threshold? Additionally, the amendment must also be approved by at least two‑thirds of the 36 states, each state having three senators. Does the support of 70 senators guarantee that the state‑level requirement is met? Provide a brief justification for each part.

Correct A. No; Senate threshold not met, and state‑level support not guaranteed

B. No; Senate threshold not met, but state‑level support guaranteed

C. Yes; both Senate and state‑level thresholds are satisfied

D. Yes; Senate threshold met, but state‑level support not guaranteed

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

Two rival groups, A and B, can each choose either Escalate (E) or Negotiate (N). Their payoff matrix (in millions of naira) is: - (E,E): each gets 2 - (E,N): A gets 7, B gets 1 - (N,E): A gets 1, B gets 7 - (N,N): each gets 4 Identify all pure‑strategy Nash equilibria. Then determine whether there exist mixed‑strategy equilibria by finding probabilities p (A chooses E) and q (B chooses E) that make each player indifferent between their two actions. State the values of p and q (to two decimal places) if they exist, and give the expected payoff for each group in that mixed equilibrium. If no feasible mixed equilibrium exists, state that fact.

A. Pure‑strategy Nash equilibria are (Escalate, Negotiate) and (Negotiate, Escalate); a mixed‑strategy equilibrium exists with p=0.50, q=0.50, giving each group an expected payoff of 4.5

B. Pure‑strategy Nash equilibria are (Escalate, Escalate) and (Negotiate, Negotiate); mixed‑strategy equilibrium has p=0.25, q=0.75, with expected payoff of 2.75 per group

C. Only pure‑strategy Nash equilibrium is (Negotiate, Negotiate); a mixed‑strategy equilibrium exists with p=0.33, q=0.67, yielding expected payoffs of 3.33 for each group

Correct D. Only pure‑strategy Nash equilibrium is (Escalate, Escalate); no feasible mixed‑strategy equilibrium exists

Correct Answer: D

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