neco 2022 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A metal rod of true length 1.000 m is to be measured using two different instruments: - A metre rule with a least count of 1 mm. - A vernier caliper with a least count of 0.02 mm. The student records three successive readings with each instrument as follows: Meter rule (in centimetres): 99.8 cm, 100.1 cm, 99.9 cm Vernier caliper (in millimetres): 1000.3 mm, 999.7 mm, 1000.0 mm Using the data above, answer the following: (a) Calculate the mean length obtained with each instrument. (b) Determine the percentage error of each mean length with respect to the true length of 1.000 m. (c) Identify two possible sources of systematic error for each instrument and suggest one precaution to minimise each error.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean length obtained with each instrument.
(b)
Determine the percentage error of each mean length with respect to the true length of 1.000 m.
(c)
Identify two possible sources of systematic error for each instrument and suggest one precaution to minimise each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A force‑table experiment is set up to combine two forces. - Force \(F_{1}\) has a magnitude of 5.0 N and is applied along the 0° direction (positive x‑axis). - Force \(F_{2}\) has a magnitude of 8.0 N and is applied at an angle of 60° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. The resultant force is measured with a spring balance and found to be 10.2 N acting at an angle of 38° from the positive x‑axis. Answer the following: (a) Using the component method, calculate the theoretical magnitude and direction of the resultant of \(F_{1}\) and \(F_{2}\). (b) Compare the theoretical resultant with the measured resultant. Compute the percentage difference in magnitude and the difference in direction. (c) Discuss two possible reasons for the discrepancy and suggest one method to improve the accuracy of the experiment.
Question Parts
(a)
Using the component method, calculate the theoretical magnitude and direction of the resultant of \(F_{1}\) and \(F_{2}\).
(b)
Compare the theoretical resultant with the measured resultant. Compute the percentage difference in magnitude and the difference in direction.
(c)
Discuss two possible reasons for the discrepancy and suggest one method to improve the accuracy of the experiment.
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Question 3 View Details
A smooth inclined plane is set up on a laboratory bench. The angle of inclination is measured with a protractor as 5.0°. A steel ball is released from rest at the top of the plane and allowed to roll down without slipping. The distances (s) from the start point and the corresponding times (t) taken for the ball to reach each mark are recorded as follows: | s (m) | t (s) | |-------|-------| | 0.20 | 0.64 | | 0.40 | 0.90 | | 0.60 | 1.12 | | 0.80 | 1.30 | Using the data provided, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average acceleration of the ball from the data. (Hint: use the relation s = ½ a t²).
(b)
Determine the theoretical acceleration of the ball down the incline using g = 9.81 m s⁻² and the measured angle.
(c)
Calculate the percentage error between the experimental and theoretical accelerations.
(d)
Suggest two possible sources of error that could affect the results and briefly explain how each would influence the measured acceleration.
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Question 4 View Details
A helical spring is suspended vertically from a fixed support. Various masses are attached to the lower end and the corresponding extensions of the spring are recorded as follows: | Mass (kg) | Extension (cm) | |-----------|----------------| | 0.10 | 1.2 | | 0.20 | 2.5 | | 0.30 | 3.7 | | 0.40 | 4.9 | The spring is then used as a simple harmonic oscillator. With a mass of 0.30 kg attached, the period of vertical oscillations is measured as 1.10 s using a stopwatch. Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the spring constant k from the data. (Hint: use Hooke’s law, F = kx, where F = mg and x is the extension in metres.)
(b)
Using the value of k obtained, calculate the theoretical period of oscillation for the 0.30 kg mass. (Use T = 2π√(m/k)).
(c)
Find the percentage difference between the measured period (1.10 s) and the theoretical period obtained in part (b).
(d)
State two precautions that should be observed when carrying out this experiment and briefly explain why each is important.
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