Practice neco geography 2022 Past Questions | Edcrib

Question 1 View Details

A small catchment of area \(2.5\ \text{km}^2\) yields a peak discharge of \(12\ \text{m}^3\!\!/\!\text{s}\) during a design storm. The runoff coefficient \(C\) is related to the rainfall intensity \(i\) (in \(\text{mm}\!\!/\!\text{h}\)) by \(C = 0.05\sqrt{i}\). Using the Rational method \(Q = 0.0023\,C\,i\,A\) (where \(A\) is in hectares), determine the rainfall intensity \(i\) (to the nearest \(\text{mm}\!\!/\!\text{h}\)).

Correct A. 56 mm/h

B. 62 mm\/h

C. 70 mm\/h

D. 48 mm\/h

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details

A 10‑ha forest plot has an average tree density of \(1000\) trees per hectare. Species A makes up 30 % of the trees, Species B 45 % and Species C 25 %. The average crown leaf area per tree is \(30\ \text{m}^2\) for A, \(20\ \text{m}^2\) for B and \(40\ \text{m}^2\) for C. Calculate the leaf‑area index (LAI) of the whole plot (expressed to one decimal place).

A. 2.0

B. 3.2

Correct C. 2.8

D. 3.5

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3 View Details

A farmer intends to grow maize on \(5\) ha. Without fertilizer the expected yield is \(2.5\) t ha\(^{-1}\). Applying nitrogen fertilizer increases yield according to \(Y = 2.5 + 0.8\sqrt{N}\) (t ha\(^{-1}\)), where \(N\) is the amount of nitrogen applied per hectare (kg ha\(^{-1}\)). Fertilizer costs \(\text{₦}150\) per kg of nitrogen and the market price of maize is \(\text{₦}250\) per kg. The farmer has a maximum fertilizer budget of \(\text{₦}120{,}000\). Determine the optimal amount of nitrogen per hectare to maximise profit and compute the maximum profit (in naira, rounded to the nearest naira).

A. Apply 140 kg N per ha; maximum profit = ₦14,800,000

B. Apply 180 kg N per ha; maximum profit = ₦16,200,000

Correct C. Apply 160 kg N per ha; maximum profit = ₦15,654,111

D. Apply 160 kg N per ha; maximum profit = ₦14,500,000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

The following monthly climate data are recorded at a weather station:\n\nRainfall (mm): Jan 120, Feb 80, Mar 100, Apr 150, May 200, Jun 250, Jul 300, Aug 280, Sep 220, Oct 180, Nov 130, Dec 110.\nTemperature (°C): Jan 28, Feb 27, Mar 26, Apr 25, May 24, Jun 23, Jul 22, Aug 22, Sep 24, Oct 25, Nov 26, Dec 27.\n\n(a) Compute the coefficient of variation (CV) for the rainfall series (expressed as a percentage, one decimal place).\n(b) Identify the month with the greatest positive temperature anomaly relative to the annual mean temperature.\n(c) If the rainfall in the wettest month is reduced by 10 % because of climate change, what is the new annual total rainfall (in mm)?

A. CV = 38.7%; month = February; new total rainfall = 2090 mm

B. CV = 39.9%; month = January; new total rainfall = 2100 mm

C. CV = 39.9%; month = July; new total rainfall = 2090 mm

Correct D. CV = 39.9%; month = January; new total rainfall = 2090 mm

Correct Answer: D

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Question 5 View Details

A savanna plot contains four plant species with the following numbers of individuals: Species X - 40, Species Y - 30, Species Z - 20, Species W - 10.\n\n(a) Calculate Simpson's Diversity Index \(D = 1 - \dfrac{\sum n_i (n_i-1)}{N(N-1)}\).\n(b) After a management action, 5 individuals of Species X are removed and 10 individuals of Species W are added. Re‑calculate \(D\) and state whether diversity has increased or decreased.

Correct A. Initial D = 0.707; New D = 0.742; diversity increased

B. Initial D = 0.707; New D = 0.720; diversity increased

C. Initial D = 0.707; New D = 0.742; diversity decreased

D. Initial D = 0.650; New D = 0.742; diversity increased

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

An unconsolidated sedimentary rock sample contains 60% sand-sized particles, 30% silt, and 10% clay. Within the sand fraction, quartz makes up 70%, feldspar 20% and lithic fragments 10%. Using the Folk classification, determine the name of the rock and calculate the overall percentage of quartz in the whole rock.

A. Graywacke, 50% quartz

B. Lithic sandstone, 35% quartz

C. Feldspathic sandstone, 42% quartz

Correct D. Lithic sandstone, 42% quartz

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details

The weather diagram shows three parallel isobars labeled 1010 hPa, 1005 hPa and 1000 hPa, each spaced 200 km apart. A low‑pressure centre marked L is located at the 1000 hPa isobar. A cold front is indicated by a blue line crossing the map at the 1005 hPa isobar. Wind arrows show that wind blows parallel to the isobars. Using the rule that for every 2 hPa pressure drop per 100 km the wind speed increases by 5 km h^{-1}, determine the approximate wind speed at a point situated 100 km north of the low‑pressure centre. Also state the type of front shown.

A. Approximately 14 km h^{-1}; cold front

B. Approximately 24 km h^{-1}; cold front

C. Approximately 19 km h^{-1}; warm front

Correct D. Approximately 19 km h^{-1}; cold front

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

A bus travels along a route consisting of three consecutive segments. The first segment is 120 km long and the bus travels at a constant speed of 80 km h^{-1}. The second segment is 60 km long, but due to road conditions the speed must be chosen so that the whole journey can be completed in exactly 3.5 h. The third segment is 90 km long and the bus travels at 100 km h^{-1}. (a) What speed, in km h^{-1}, must the bus maintain on the second segment? (b) If the bus consumes fuel at rates of 0.4 L km^{-1} on the first segment, 0.5 L km^{-1} on the second, and 0.3 L km^{-1} on the third, calculate the total fuel used for the whole trip.

A. Speed ≈ 54.5 km h^{-1}; total fuel = 110 L

Correct B. Speed ≈ 54.5 km h^{-1}; total fuel = 105 L

C. Speed ≈ 48 km h^{-1}; total fuel = 102 L

D. Speed ≈ 60 km h^{-1}; total fuel = 108 L

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

Express the geographic coordinates 7° 30' N, 5° 45' E in decimal degrees.

A. 7.3° N, 5.75° E

B. 7.5° N, 5.45° E

Correct C. 7.5° N, 5.75° E

D. 7.5° S, 5.75° E

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

A plateau stands at an elevation of 1200 m above sea level, while the surrounding plain is at 300 m. The horizontal distance from the edge of the plateau to the plain is 15 km, and the plateau's area is 150 km². (a) Assuming a uniform slope from the plateau edge down to the plain, calculate the average gradient expressed as a percentage. (b) Determine the gravitational potential energy per kilogram of water at the plateau relative to the plain (use \(g = 9.8\) m s^{-2}).

A. Gradient 6%; potential energy 8.82 × 10⁴ J kg^{-1}

B. Gradient 5%; potential energy 9.80 × 10³ J kg^{-1}

Correct C. Gradient 6%; potential energy 8.82 × 10³ J kg^{-1}

D. Gradient 7%; potential energy 9.00 × 10³ J kg^{-1}

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11 View Details

In a region, the probability of a flood occurring in a year is \(0.12\) and that of a landslide is \(0.08\). Both hazards can occur together with probability \(0.02\). A flood typically affects an average of 1500 people, a landslide 900 people, and when both occur the overlapping affected population is 300 people. An early‑warning system is activated for floods because the flood probability exceeds 0.10, reducing the number of people affected by floods (including the overlap) by 20%. Assuming the probabilities are independent of the early‑warning effect, calculate the expected number of distinct people affected by hazards in a year, rounded to the nearest whole person.

A. 218

B. 225

C. 209

Correct D. 211

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

The air temperature at a coastal town at night is \(5^{\circ}\text{C}\) and the wind speed is \(30\,\text{km h}^{-1}\). The wind‑chill temperature \(T_{wc}\) (in °C) can be estimated using the formula \(T_{wc}=13.12+0.6215T_a-11.37v^{0.16}+0.3965T_av^{0.16}\), where \(T_a\) is the air temperature in °C and \(v\) is the wind speed in km\,h\(^{-1}\). Calculate the wind‑chill temperature (rounded to the nearest whole degree) and state whether frost is likely (frost is likely if \(T_{wc}\le 0^{\circ}\text{C}\)).

A. 1°C, frost unlikely

Correct B. 0°C, frost likely

C. 0°C, frost unlikely

D. -1°C, frost likely

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

A topographic map of a region has a scale of 1:50\,000. The distance between Town\,X and Town\,Y measured on the map is 3.2\,cm. Determine the actual ground distance between the towns in kilometres, giving your answer to one decimal place.

A. 2.0 km

B. 0.64 km

C. 1.2 km

Correct D. 1.6 km

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

Two possible routes connect point A to point D. **Route 1:** - Segment A‑B: 120 km. Speed limit 80 km h\(^{-1}\); however, for the first 30 km the speed is reduced by 20 % due to traffic. - Segment B‑C: 80 km on a secondary road with a nominal speed of 60 km h\(^{-1}\); road works reduce the speed by 15 % for the whole segment. - Segment C‑D: 50 km through a city where the average speed is 40 km h\(^{-1}\); a traffic signal adds a 5‑minute delay. **Route 2:** - Segment A‑E: 100 km on an expressway with speed 100 km h\(^{-1}\); a toll adds a 2‑minute delay. - Segment E‑F: 70 km on a rural road at 70 km h\(^{-1}\); a river crossing adds an 8‑minute delay. - Segment F‑D: 90 km on mixed roads with an average speed of 55 km h\(^{-1}\). Calculate the total travel time for each route (in minutes, rounded to the nearest minute), identify the faster route and state how many minutes earlier it arrives compared with the slower route.

A. Route 2 is faster by 30 minutes (Route 1 ≈ 260 min, Route 2 ≈ 230 min)

Correct B. Route 2 is faster by 42 minutes (Route 1 ≈ 270 min, Route 2 ≈ 228 min)

C. Route 1 is faster by 15 minutes (Route 1 ≈ 215 min, Route 2 ≈ 230 min)

D. Route 2 is faster by 50 minutes (Route 1 ≈ 280 min, Route 2 ≈ 230 min)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

The following are the mean monthly temperatures (in °C) recorded at a weather station: Jan 28, Feb 30, Mar 32, Apr 33, May 34, Jun 31, Jul 29, Aug 28, Sep 27, Oct 26, Nov 27, Dec 28. (a) Compute the mean annual temperature (to one decimal place).\n(b) Identify the coldest month and its temperature.\n(c) Based on the Köppen climate classification, if a climate is classified as tropical when the mean annual temperature exceeds \(18^{\circ}\text{C}\) and the coldest month is above \(18^{\circ}\text{C}\), state the climate type for this location.

A. Mean annual temperature 29.4°C; coldest month October 26°C; climate type Subtropical (Cfa)

B. Mean annual temperature 29.4°C; coldest month January 28°C; climate type Tropical (Af)

Correct C. Mean annual temperature 29.4°C; coldest month October 26°C; climate type Tropical (Af)

D. Mean annual temperature 30.1°C; coldest month October 26°C; climate type Tropical (Af)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

On a map, the bearing of Town B from Town A is shown as \(N45^{\circ}E\). What is the bearing of Town A from Town B?

A. N45°W

B. S45°E

Correct C. S45°W

D. N45°E

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

A soil sample contains \(55\%\) sand and \(30\%\) silt. Determine the percentage of clay and state the soil texture class according to the USDA soil texture triangle.

A. 20% clay; sandy clay loam

B. 15% clay; loamy sand

C. 10% clay; loam

Correct D. 15% clay; sandy loam

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

Three potential sites are being evaluated for a new settlement. Their characteristics are: Site A: bearing capacity 150 kN/m², flood risk high, distance to market 8 km, distance to water source 2 km. Site B: bearing capacity 80 kN/m², flood risk low, distance to market 12 km, distance to water source 5 km. Site C: bearing capacity 120 kN/m², flood risk moderate, distance to market 6 km, distance to water source 3 km. A suitability score is calculated as \(Score = 0.4 \times BC_{s} + 0.3 \times FR_{s} + 0.2 \times MD_{s} + 0.1 \times WD_{s}\), where \(BC_{s} = \frac{Bearing\ Capacity}{150}\times 10\), \(FR_{s}\) is 1 for high, 2 for moderate, 3 for low flood risk, \(MD_{s} = \max(0, 10 - \text{distance to market})\), \(WD_{s} = \max(0, 5 - \text{distance to water source})\). Which site obtains the highest suitability score and is therefore the most appropriate for the settlement?

A. Site A (if flood risk weighted higher)

B. Site C

Correct C. Site A

D. Site B

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

A map sheet is to be produced with dimensions 30 cm by 40 cm to show a region that measures 150 km by 200 km on the ground. What should be the representative fraction (scale) of the map?

Correct A. 1:500,000

B. 1:400,000

C. 1:250,000

D. 1:600,000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

A settlement has a population of \(12{,}000\) people, a secondary school, a market, but no hospital. According to the following classification criteria, what type of settlement is it? - Village: population < 5,000 and no secondary school. - Town: population between 5,000 and 20,000 and has at least a secondary school and a market. - City: population > 20,000 and has a hospital and a university.

A. Suburb

B. Village

C. City

Correct D. Town

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

On the map the scale is 1 cm = 5 km. The straight‑line distance between Town B and Town C measures \\(6\\) cm. What is the actual distance between B and C in kilometres? A road from Town A to Town C follows a path that is 1.2 times the straight‑line distance. If the straight‑line distance between A and C is \\(30\\) km, what is the length of the road in kilometres?

A. 24 km

B. 42 km

C. 30 km

Correct D. 36 km

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

Point X is located at latitude \\(5^{\\circ}30'\\) N and longitude \\(7^{\\circ}15'\\) E. Point Y lies directly east of X on the same latitude. On the map the scale along the east‑west direction is 1 cm = 10 km, and the distance between X and Y on the map is \\(8\\) cm. Determine the longitude of point Y (expressed in degrees and minutes East).

A. 7°48' E

B. 8°08' E

Correct C. 7°58' E

D. 7°38' E

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

Two manufacturing industries, A and B, operate in the same region. Industry A's output increased from \\(2000\\) units in 2000 to \\(2500\\) units in 2010 (a 25% increase) while its employment rose from \\(5000\\) workers to \\(5600\\) workers. Industry B's output increased by 30% over the same period, and its employment grew from \\(5400\\) workers to \\(6300\\) workers. Which industry experienced the greater percentage increase in labour productivity (output per worker) between 2000 and 2010, and what was that percentage increase (to one decimal place)?

Correct A. Industry A, 11.6% increase

B. Industry A, 12.5% increase

C. Industry B, 11.4% increase

D. Industry B, 12.5% increase

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

On a topographical map the contour interval is \\(10\\) m. Point P lies on the \\(120\\) m contour and point Q lies on the \\(180\\) m contour. The straight‑line distance between P and Q on the map is \\(4\\) cm and the map scale is 1 cm = 200 m. (a) Calculate the average gradient between P and Q as a percentage. (b) If a road is to be built between P and Q with a maximum allowable gradient of \\(8\\)%, what is the minimum horizontal distance (in metres) the road must cover?

Correct A. Average gradient = 7.5%; Minimum horizontal distance = 750 m

B. Average gradient = 7.5%; Minimum horizontal distance = 800 m

C. Average gradient = 75%; Minimum horizontal distance = 7500 m

D. Average gradient = 15%; Minimum horizontal distance = 500 m

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

A rectangular plateau measures \\(12\\) km by \\(8\\) km. A river enters the plateau at the midpoint of one \\(12\\) km side, flows across the plateau following a sinusoidal path approximated by three half‑waves of the function \\(y = A\sin\left(\frac{\\pi x}{L}\right)\\), where the amplitude \\(A\\) is \\(1\\) km and each half‑wave spans a horizontal length \\(L\\). The river exits at the midpoint of the opposite \\(12\\) km side. Using the approximation that the length of one half‑wave is \\(L\sqrt{1 + \left(\frac{\\pi A}{L}\right)^{2}}\\), determine the approximate total length of the river across the plateau. Give your answer in kilometres to two decimal places.

Correct A. 15.26 km

B. 14.87 km

C. 16.12 km

D. 13.54 km

Correct Answer: A

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