neco 2022 english_language | Oral

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Question 1 View Details
Among the words "beat", "bit", "beet" and "bought", which one contains the short vowel sound /ɪ/?
Correct A. bit
B. bought
C. beat
D. beet

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details
In the sentence "She didn't *forget* the *meeting*", identify the word that receives emphatic stress, give its phonetic transcription with the primary stress marker, and state the intonation contour after the stressed word.
A. didn't; \/ˈdɪdnt\/; rising
B. she; \/ʃiː\/; level
C. forget; \/fɔːˈɡɛt\/; rising
Correct D. meeting; /ˈmiːtɪŋ/; falling

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details
The words presented are "cap", "cab", and "cabby". Identify the minimal pair that contrasts only in the final consonant sound and provide the IPA symbols for those differing final consonants.
A. cap - cab; \/k\/ and \/g\/
B. cap - cabby; \/p\/ and \/bː\/
C. cab - cabby; \/b\/ and \/bː\/
Correct D. cap - cab; /p/ and /b/

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details
Consider the two utterances: (1) "Are you coming to the party?" (2) "I will be there at nine." For each utterance, describe the overall intonation pattern using the symbols ↗ for rising and ↘ for falling, and explain how the pattern signals a question or a statement.
A. (1) ↘ - indicates a statement; (2) ↗ - indicates a question
B. (1) ↗ - indicates a statement; (2) ↘ - indicates a question
Correct C. (1) ↗ - indicates a question; (2) ↘ - indicates a statement
D. (1) ↘ - indicates a question; (2) ↗ - indicates a statement

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details
The words are "education", "meditation", "operation" and "celebration". Which two words share the same stressed vowel sound, give the stress pattern for each word using 1 for primary stress and 0 for unstressed syllables, and transcribe the rhyming stressed syllable in IPA?
A. education and operation; education = 00100, operation = 01000; \\/eɪ\\/
Correct B. education and meditation; education = 00100, meditation = 00100; /eɪ/
C. operation and meditation; operation = 01000, meditation = 00100; \\/ɒ\\/
D. education and celebration; education = 00100, celebration = 00100; \\/eɪ\\/

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details
In the spoken sentence 'The teacher announced the results', which word carries its primary lexical stress on the first syllable? State the word.
A. the
B. announced
C. results
Correct D. teacher

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details
The words 'ship' /ʃɪp/ and 'sheep' /ʃiːp/ differ only by one vowel sound. What is the IPA symbol for the vowel in 'sheep'? If a speaker replaces this vowel with the vowel from 'ship', write the new IPA transcription of the word.
Correct A. /iː/; the new transcription is /ʃɪp/
B. \/ɜː\/; the new transcription is \/ʃɜːp\/
C. \/e\/; the new transcription is \/ʃep\/
D. \/ɪ\/; the new transcription is \/ʃɪp\/

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details
In the utterance 'I didn't say you stole the money', the word 'didn't' is spoken with contrastive stress. Provide the IPA transcription of the whole sentence, marking the primary stress on 'didn't' with the stress symbol ˈ.
A. \/aɪ ˈdɪdnt seɪ ju stoʊl ðə ˈmʌnɪ\/
Correct B. /aɪ ˈdɪdnt seɪ ju stoʊl ðə ˈmʌni/
C. \/aɪ dɪdnt ˈseɪ ju stoʊl ðə ˈmʌni\/
D. \/aɪ ˈdɪdnt seɪ ju ˈstoʊl ðə ˈmʌni\/

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details
Consider the following word pairs: (a) cap - gab, (b) sip - zip, (c) fan - van. Which pair does NOT form a minimal pair that differs only in the voicing of the initial consonant? State the letter of the pair.
A. d
Correct B. a
C. c
D. b

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details
Write the IPA symbol for the voiceless dental fricative as heard in the word 'think'.
Correct A. /θ/
B. \/ʃ\/
C. \/ð\/
D. \/s\/

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details
Provide a minimal‑pair of English words that differ only in the vowel sound /ɪ/ versus /iː/. State which word contains the /ɪ/ sound.
A. ship (contains \/ɪ\/) and cheat (contains \/iː\/)
B. sip (contains \/ɪ\/) and sheep (contains \/iː\/)
C. ship (contains \/iː\/) and sheep (contains \/ɪ\/)
Correct D. ship (contains /ɪ/) and sheep (contains /iː/)

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details
Give two English words that end in a vowel followed by a consonant, where one ends with the voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ and the other ends with its voiced counterpart /z/. Indicate which word contains /z/.
A. cat (ends with \/t\/) and dogs (ends with \/z\/); dogs contains \/z\/
Correct B. bus (ends with /s/) and buzz (ends with /z/); buzz contains /z/
C. bus (ends with \/s\/) and fuzz (ends with \/z\/); fuzz contains \/z\/
D. bus (ends with \/s\/) and buzz (ends with \/z\/); bus contains \/z\/

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details
Write a disyllabic noun and its derived verb form in which the primary stress shifts position. Mark the stressed syllable in each word with the symbol ˈ placed before the stressed syllable.
A. Noun: ˈrecord; Verb: ˈrecord (stress shifts from first to second syllable)
Correct B. Noun: ˈrecord; Verb: reˈcord (stress shifts from first to second syllable)
C. Noun: ˈrecord; Verb: reˈcord (stress shifts from second to first syllable)
D. Noun: ˈobject; Verb: ˈobject (stress shifts from first to second syllable)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details
Write a short sentence that can be spoken with either a falling intonation to give a statement or a rising intonation to turn it into a question. Indicate which intonation pattern (falling or rising) corresponds to each meaning.
A. You're coming. - Falling intonation = statement; Rising intonation = exclamation
B. You are coming. - Falling intonation = command; Rising intonation = statement
C. You are coming? - Falling intonation = question; Rising intonation = statement
Correct D. You are coming. - Falling intonation = statement; Rising intonation = question

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15 View Details
The words 'photograph', 'photographer', 'photographic' and 'photographically' each have a primary stress on a particular syllable. a) Indicate the primary stress pattern of each word using the symbol ˈ before the stressed syllable. b) From these patterns, infer the rule that determines stress placement when the suffixes -er, -ic and -ally are added to the base 'photograph'. c) Using the rule, predict the primary stress pattern for the newly coined word 'photographicness'.
A. photograph: ˈphotograph; photographer: phoˈtographer; photographic: ˈphotographic; photographically: pho‑to‑graf‑ˈically; Rule: stress always falls on the penultimate syllable; photographicness: pho‑to‑graf‑ˈness
Correct B. photograph: ˈphotograph; photographer: phoˈtographer; photographic: phoˈgraphic; photographically: pho‑to‑ˈgraf‑ically; Rule: stress moves to the syllable immediately before the added suffix (ante‑penultimate for -ally); photographicness: pho‑to‑ˈgraf‑ness
C. photograph: ˈphotograph; photographer: phoˈtographer; photographic: phoˈgraphic; photographically: pho‑to‑gra‑ˈphic‑ally; Rule: stress moves to the syllable preceding -er and -ic, but to the first syllable for -ally; photographicness: pho‑ˈto‑graphic‑ness
D. photograph: ˈphotograph; photographer: ˈphotographer; photographic: phoˈgraphic; photographically: pho‑to‑ˈgraf‑ically; Rule: stress shifts to the first syllable of the suffix; photographicness: ˈphotographicness

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details
In the phrase "record the record", the first "record" is used as a noun and the second as a verb. Identify the word that is stressed in each usage, give the IPA symbol for the vowel sound in the stressed syllable, and state whether that vowel is a tense or lax vowel.
Correct A. Noun ‘record': stressed syllable 1, vowel /e/ (tense). Verb ‘record': stressed syllable 2, vowel /ɪ/ (lax).
B. Noun ‘record': stressed syllable 1, vowel \/ɪ\/ (tense). Verb ‘record': stressed syllable 2, vowel \/e\/ (lax).
C. Noun ‘record': stressed syllable 2, vowel \/ɪ\/ (lax). Verb ‘record': stressed syllable 1, vowel \/e\/ (tense).
D. Noun ‘record': stressed syllable 1, vowel \/æ\/ (lax). Verb ‘record': stressed syllable 2, vowel \/ɒ\/ (tense).

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details
Listen to the three words: think, sink, sing. State which word contains the voiceless dental fricative /θ/.
A. sink
B. sank
C. sing
Correct D. think

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details
The sentence "You're coming tomorrow?" is spoken as a question. Indicate whether the overall intonation is rising or falling, and provide a phonetic transcription of the sentence including an appropriate intonation marker (↗ for rising, ↘ for falling).
A. Rising intonation; transcription: [jɔːr ˈkʌmɪŋ təˈmɑːroʊ ↗]
B. Falling intonation; transcription: [jɔːr ˈkʌmɪŋ təˈmɒroʊ ↘]
C. Rising intonation; transcription: [jʊr ˈkʌmɪŋ təˈmɒroʊ ↗]
Correct D. Rising intonation; transcription: [jɔːr ˈkʌmɪŋ təˈmɒroʊ ↗]

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19 View Details
Identify the primary stress in the word ‘photographer' and write its IPA transcription showing the stress mark.
Correct A. Primary stress on the second syllable; IPA /fəˈtɒɡrəfə/
B. Primary stress on the third syllable; IPA \/fəɡrəˈfɒti\/
C. Primary stress on the first syllable; IPA \/ˈfɒtəɡrəfi\/
D. Primary stress on the second syllable; IPA \/fəˈtɒɡrəfi\/

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details
From the four words bat, pat, bet, pet, select the two that form a minimal pair that differs in both the initial consonant and the vowel. Provide the IPA transcription for each selected word.
A. bat and bet; IPA \/bæt\/ and \/bɛt\/
Correct B. bat and pet; IPA /bæt/ and /pɛt/
C. bat and pat; IPA \/bæt\/ and \/pæt\/
D. bet and pet; IPA \/bɛt\/ and \/pɛt\/

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details
The word "record" can be a noun meaning a disc, or a verb meaning to write down. Provide the IPA transcription for each usage, indicate the primary stress with the symbol ˈ, and explain why the vowel sound in the first syllable changes between the two forms.
A. Noun: \/rɪˈkɔːd\/ (or \/rɪˈkɔrd\/); Verb: \/ˈrekɔːd\/ (or \/ˈrɛkɔrd\/). The vowel in the first syllable is \/ɪ\/ in the noun, but changes to \/e\/ in the verb.
B. Noun: \/ˈrekɔːd\/ (or \/ˈrɛkɔrd\/); Verb: \/ˈrekɔːd\/ (or \/ˈrɛkɔrd\/). The vowel in the first syllable is \/e\/ (or \/ɛ\/) in both forms, with no reduction.
Correct C. Noun: /ˈrekɔːd/ (or /ˈrɛkɔrd/); Verb: /rɪˈkɔːd/ (or /rɪˈkɔrd/). The vowel in the first syllable is /e/ (or /ɛ/) in the stressed noun, but reduces to /ɪ/ in the unstressed position of the verb due to vowel reduction in English.
D. Noun: \/ˈrekɔːd\/ (or \/ˈrɛkɔrd\/); Verb: \/rɪˈkɔːd\/ (or \/rɪˈkɔrd\/). The vowel in the first syllable is \/e\/ (or \/ɛ\/) in the noun, but reduces to \/ə\/ in the verb due to vowel reduction.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22 View Details
Which vowel phoneme is heard in the word "ship"? Choose from /ɪ/ or /iː/ and justify your choice.
A. /e/
B. /æ/
Correct C. /ɪ/
D. /iː/

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details
Three word pairs are given: (a) "thin - sin", (b) "bat - pat", (c) "ship - sheep". Identify which pair contrasts consonant sounds at the beginning of the words, and describe the articulatory difference between the two consonants.
A. Pair (b) \"bat - pat\"; the contrast is between the voiceless bilabial stop \/p\/ and the voiced alveolar stop \/d\/.
B. Pair (c) \"ship - sheep\"; the contrast is between the voiceless postalveolar fricative \/ʃ\/ and the voiced postalveolar fricative \/ʒ\/.
Correct C. Pair (b) "bat - pat"; the contrast is between the voiced bilabial stop /b/ and the voiceless bilabial stop /p/.
D. Pair (a) \"thin - sin\"; the contrast is between the voiceless dental fricative \/θ\/ and the voiceless alveolar fricative \/s\/.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details
What intonation pattern is typically used for a yes‑no question such as "Are you coming?"? State whether the pitch rises or falls at the end of the sentence.
Correct A. Rising intonation.
B. Falling intonation.
C. Level intonation.
D. Flat intonation.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details
In the sentence "I didn't say she stole the money", which word should receive emphatic stress if the speaker wants to convey that it was not *she* who stole the money but someone else? Explain the effect of placing stress on that word.
A. I - stressing \"I\" indicates the speaker is denying their own involvement, which is not the intended focus.
B. Didn't - stressing \"didn't\" suggests the speaker is denying the entire statement rather than specifying the thief.
Correct C. She - stressing "she" shows the denial is about the person, implying that a different individual stole the money.
D. Money - stressing \"money\" shifts the emphasis to the object, implying the denial concerns the amount, not the person.

Correct Answer: C

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