neco 2022 data_processing | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
A small electronics shop records daily sales of three product categories: mobile phones, headphones and chargers. Each day's entry in the manual register contains the date (dd/mm/yyyy), the number of units sold for each category and the total revenue earned that day.
Question Parts
(a)
State the three main stages of the data processing cycle as they apply to the shop's record‑keeping system.
(b)
For each field in the register (date, mobile phones sold, headphones sold, chargers sold, total revenue) suggest the most appropriate data type (e.g. integer, real, string, date) and give a brief justification.
(c)
Write clear pseudocode that reads the daily records for a week (7 days) and computes (i) the total units sold for each product category over the week, and (ii) the average daily revenue. Assume the data are stored in a table named **Sales** with fields Date, Phones, Headphones, Chargers and Revenue.
() Pseudocode for total units sold for each category.
() Pseudocode for average daily revenue.
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Question 2 View Details
The table below shows the number of students who obtained each score in a mathematics test out of 50. | Score (x) | Frequency (f) | |-----------|---------------| | 10 | 5 | | 20 | 12 | | 30 | 18 | | 40 | 8 | | 50 | 2 | The total number of students is 45.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean score of the class.
(b)
Determine the median score.
(c)
Identify the mode(s) and state whether the distribution is unimodal, bimodal or multimodal.
(d)
Using the grouped‑data formula, compute the standard deviation of the scores and comment on the spread of the results.
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Question 3 View Details
A small retail shop uses a computer system to record daily sales transactions. The system follows the Data Processing Cycle (DPC).
Question Parts
(a)
Describe each of the six stages of the Data Processing Cycle as applied to the shop's sales recording, giving a concrete example of an activity performed at that stage.
(b)
Identify two possible sources of error that could arise during the Input and Validation stages, and suggest one control measure for each to minimise the error.
(c)
Explain why the Feedback stage is essential for maintaining data quality, and illustrate with an example how feedback can lead to improvement in the system.
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Question 4 View Details
A secondary school maintains a computerised library system that stores both student records and the inventory of books. The system must allow rapid retrieval of a student's borrowing history using the admission number and must also support periodic backups.
Question Parts
(a)
Differentiate between text files, binary files and database files, giving one advantage and one disadvantage of each in the context of the library system.
(b)
Explain the difference between sequential access and random (direct) access. Which method would you recommend for retrieving a student's borrowing history and why?
(c)
Suggest an appropriate file organization technique for the student records file that supports fast retrieval by admission number, and discuss one potential drawback of the technique.
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Question 5 View Details
A small retail store keeps records of its sales, customers and products. The information to be stored is as follows: - Each product has a unique product code (Pcode), a name, a unit price and belongs to a category. - Each customer has a unique customer number (Cno), a name and an address. - Each sale transaction is identified by a unique invoice number (InvNo), the date of sale and the customer who made the purchase. - A sale may contain several line items; each line item records the product sold, the quantity purchased and the line total (quantity × unit price).
Question Parts
(a)
Propose a set of relational tables (including attributes) that will store the above information without redundancy. State the primary key of each table and any foreign keys.
(b)
Using your design, write a relational‑algebra expression that retrieves the names of customers who bought a product from the “Electronics” category in the month of March 2023.
(c)
Identify the normal form of the SaleLine table in your design and justify why it satisfies that normal form.
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Question 6 View Details
Consider a combinational circuit with three binary inputs A, B, C and a single output Z. The output Z must be 1 for the following minterms: m1, m2, m5, m6 and m7 (binary order ABC).
Question Parts
(a)
Write the canonical sum‑of‑products (SOP) expression for Z.
(b)
Simplify the expression using a Karnaugh map and give the minimal SOP form.
(c)
Derive the minimal product‑of‑sums (POS) form for Z.
(d)
Show how the minimal SOP (Z = B C + A' B) can be implemented using only NAND gates. Provide a brief description of each NAND gate’s inputs.
(e)
Discuss whether the minimal SOP implementation is susceptible to a static‑1 hazard when the input changes from 010 (A=0,B=1,C=0) to 011 (A=0,B=1,C=1). If a hazard exists, suggest a modification to remove it.
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Question 7 View Details
A secondary school recently upgraded its computer laboratory to a high‑speed wireless network that provides internet access to all students and staff. Two weeks after the launch, a student discovered that personal details of several classmates (full names, phone numbers and dates of birth) were posted on an online forum without consent. The school management is now investigating the incident.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify three core ethical principles that were breached in this incident and briefly explain how each was violated.
(b)
For each ethical principle identified in (a), propose one specific school policy or procedural measure that could prevent a recurrence of the breach.
(c)
Conduct a brief risk assessment for the school network. Identify three critical assets, one plausible threat to each asset, the associated vulnerability, and suggest one mitigation measure per threat‑vulnerability pair.
(d)
Discuss how the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR) applies to the situation and what legal consequences the school could face if it fails to comply.
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Question 8 View Details
A small retail business, "GreenMart", has recently adopted several ICT tools: a cloud‑based inventory management system, mobile payment applications, and a social‑media marketing platform. The owner wants to maximise the benefits of these technologies while minimising associated risks.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain how cloud computing can improve business continuity for GreenMart, giving two specific advantages.
(b)
Identify three potential security risks that arise from GreenMart’s use of mobile payment apps and suggest one practical mitigation for each risk.
(c)
Draw a simple data‑flow diagram (DFD) for the order‑processing cycle at GreenMart, describing the function of each major component (e.g., customer, POS system, inventory database, cloud server, delivery service).
(d)
Evaluate the impact of ICT adoption on employment within the retail sector, citing two positive and two negative effects that GreenMart may experience.
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