Practice neco government 2020 Past Questions | Edcrib

Question 1 View Details

In a bicameral legislature, a bill requires a simple majority in the House of Representatives ($360$ members) and a two‑thirds majority in the Senate ($109$ members) to become law. On a particular day, $15$ members of the House are absent, and the voting results are: $200$ votes in favour, $130$ votes against, and the remaining present members abstain. In the Senate, $5$ members are absent, with $60$ votes in favour, $40$ votes against, and the remaining present members abstain. Does the bill become law?

Correct A. No

B. The bill passes

C. Yes

D. It becomes law

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details

Four states—A, B, C, and D—share $24$ seats in the lower house. Their populations are: A = 1,200,000; B = 800,000; C = 500,000; D = 300,000. Seats are allocated using the Hamilton (largest remainder) method. How many seats does State C receive?

Correct A. 4

B. 3

C. 5

D. 6

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

A country imposes a $15\%$ ad valorem tariff on imported cars. Before the tariff, the price of a car is $\$20,000$ and the annual quantity demanded is $50,000$ cars. The price elasticity of demand for cars is $-1.5$. Assuming the tariff raises the consumer price by the full amount of the tariff and that the elasticity estimate applies, calculate the total tariff revenue collected after the tariff is imposed. Express your answer in millions of dollars to two decimal places.

Correct A. 116.25

B. 150.00

C. 127.50

D. 183.75

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

President X assumed office on 1\,January\,2022 after the previous president resigned. The constitution states that any person who has served more than half of a four‑year term (i.e., more than $2$ years) is considered to have served a full term for the purpose of the two‑term limit. How many additional full terms can President X be elected to?

A. 0

Correct B. 2

C. 1

D. 3

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

The national budget totals N500 billion. The House of Assembly must approve at least $55\%$ of the total budget before it is sent to the President. The President may amend the approved amount by up to $12\%$ of the approved portion. If the House approves exactly the minimum required percentage, what is the maximum monetary value the President can amend? Express your answer in billions of naira.

A. 27

Correct B. 33

C. 60

D. 30

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details

Three development programmes A, B and C are evaluated by the Ministry of Public Administration using the overall effectiveness score $E = w_{1}\,(\text{output/target})_{A}+w_{2}\,(\text{cost efficiency})_{B}+w_{3}\,(\text{public satisfaction})_{C}$. The weights satisfy $w_{1}+w_{2}+w_{3}=1$ and $w_{1}=2w_{2}$. The observed data are: $(\text{output/target})_{A}=0.75$, $(\text{cost efficiency})_{B}=0.80$, $(\text{public satisfaction})_{C}=0.90$. The reported overall score is $E=0.82$. (a) Determine the value of $w_{2}$. (b) If programme A improves its output/target ratio to $0.85$ while the other two indicators remain unchanged, what is the new overall effectiveness score?

A. w_{2}=0.25 and the revised overall score is 0.88

B. w_{2}=0.20 and the revised overall score is 0.84

C. w_{2}=0.15 and the revised overall score is 0.86

Correct D. w_{2}=0.20 and the revised overall score is 0.86

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7 View Details

In the Nigerian bicameral legislature, a constitutional amendment must be passed by at least a two‑thirds majority in both the House of Representatives (150 members) and the Senate (60 members) before it can be presented to the President for assent. For a particular amendment, 95 members of the House voted in favour and 45 members of the Senate voted in favour. (a) State whether the amendment meets the two‑thirds requirement in each chamber and whether it is passed overall. (b) If the President vetoes the amendment, a joint session of both chambers (total 210 members) may override the veto with a three‑quarters majority. How many affirmative votes are required in the joint session to override the veto?

Correct A. House fails (needs 100, has 95); Senate passes (needs 40, has 45); overall the amendment fails; override requires at least 158 votes

B. House fails (needs 100, has 95); Senate fails (needs 40, has 45); overall the amendment fails; override requires at least 158 votes

C. House passes (needs 100, has 95); Senate passes (needs 40, has 45); overall the amendment passes; override requires at least 160 votes

D. House fails (needs 100, has 95); Senate passes (needs 40, has 45); overall the amendment passes; override requires at least 158 votes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

According to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which article (or section) contains the supremacy clause that declares the Constitution to be the supreme law of the Federation?

A. Section 1(2)

Correct B. Section 1(1)

C. Section 2(1)

D. Section 3(1)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

Which provision of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution guarantees the right to a fair hearing?

A. Section 35

B. Section 38

C. Section 39

Correct D. Section 36

Correct Answer: D

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Question 10 View Details

A local government receives its annual federal allocation according to the formula $\text{Allocation}=K\bigl(\alpha P+\beta A+\gamma F\bigr)$, where $P$ is the population, $A$ is the land area (km$^2$), $F$ is the fiscal performance index (a number between 0 and 1), and the weights satisfy $\alpha+\beta+\gamma=1$ with $\alpha=2\beta$. The constant is $K=120$. In the current year the data are: $P=250\,000$, $A=500$, $F=0.80$ and the allocation received is $\text{₦12,000,000}$. (a) Determine the value of the weight $\beta$. (b) If the population rises by 10 % (to 275 000), the area remains the same, and the fiscal index improves to 0.90, what will be the new allocation (in naira) assuming the same $K$ and weights?

A. \beta\approx0.20 and the new allocation is about $\text{₦12,500,000}$

B. \beta\approx0.25 and the new allocation is about $\text{₦13,500,000}$

C. \beta\approx0.15 and the new allocation is about $\text{₦12,800,000}$

Correct D. \beta\approx0.20 and the new allocation is about $\text{₦13,198,800}$

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

The Ministry has ₦ 80 million to allocate to one of two possible projects, A and B. Project A: initial cost ₦ 50 million, annual benefits of ₦ 20 million, ₦ 22 million, ₦ 24 million and ₦ 26 million in years 1-4 respectively, and an annual maintenance cost of ₦ 3 million. Project B: initial cost ₦ 45 million, annual benefits of ₦ 18 million, ₦ 20 million, ₦ 22 million and ₦ 24 million in years 1-4 respectively, and an annual maintenance cost of ₦ 2 million. The discount rate is (8\%\) per annum. (a) Compute the net present value (NPV) of each project (in millions of naira, rounded to two decimal places). (b) Compute the benefit‑cost ratio (BCR) for each project, where BCR = (present value of benefits) / (present value of costs). (c) Which project should be selected to maximise the benefit‑cost ratio while remaining within the budget? State the project letter.

A. Project B; NPV_A = 15.62 million, NPV_B = 17.29 million; BCR_A = 1.26, BCR_B = 1.20; select Project B

B. Project A; NPV_A = 15.62 million, NPV_B = 17.29 million; BCR_A = 1.26, BCR_B = 1.33; select Project A

C. Project B; NPV_A = 14.50 million, NPV_B = 16.80 million; BCR_A = 1.20, BCR_B = 1.30; select Project B

Correct D. Project B; NPV_A = 15.62 million, NPV_B = 17.29 million; BCR_A = 1.26, BCR_B = 1.33; select Project B

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

In a mixed‑member proportional electoral system there are 100 seats, of which 60 are constituency seats filled by first‑past‑the‑post and 40 are list seats allocated to achieve overall proportionality. The total valid votes are: - Party A: 480 000 votes - Party B: 300 000 votes - Party C: 120 000 votes - Party D: 40 000 votes A party must obtain at least (5\%\) of the total valid votes to be eligible for seat allocation. The constituency seats won are: Party A - 35 seats, Party B - 20 seats, Party C - 5 seats, Party D - 0 seats. Using the D'Hondt method to allocate the 100 seats proportionally among the eligible parties, determine the total number of seats each eligible party (A, B and C) will hold after the list seats are distributed.

A. Party A: 52 seats, Party B: 34 seats, Party C: 14 seats

Correct B. Party A: 53 seats, Party B: 33 seats, Party C: 14 seats

C. Party A: 55 seats, Party B: 30 seats, Party C: 15 seats

D. Party A: 50 seats, Party B: 35 seats, Party C: 15 seats

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

Parliament consists of 200 seats. The seat distribution among parties is: Party X - 78 seats, Party Y - 65 seats, Party Z - 42 seats, Party W - 15 seats. A majority requires more than half the seats. (a) List all minimal coalitions (i.e., coalitions that achieve a majority and would lose the majority if any one party left the coalition). (b) Identify any party that appears in every minimal coalition (the king‑maker). State the party name or ‘None' if no such party exists.

A. Minimal coalitions: X+Y, X+Z, Y+Z. Party X appears in all minimal coalitions.

Correct B. Minimal coalitions: X+Y, X+Z, Y+Z. No party appears in all minimal coalitions (None).

C. Minimal coalitions: X+Y+Z, X+Y+W, Y+Z+W. No party appears in all minimal coalitions (None).

D. Minimal coalitions: X+Y, X+W, Y+Z. No party appears in all minimal coalitions (None).

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details

In a recent election there were 1 200 000 registered voters. Of these, 720 000 cast valid votes and 48 000 cast spoiled ballots. Calculate: (i) the voter turnout percentage (based on total registered voters), and (ii) the percentage of the votes cast that were spoiled. Give both percentages to one decimal place.

Correct A. Turnout: 64.0%; Spoiled: 6.3%

B. Turnout: 62.5%; Spoiled: 5.0%

C. Turnout: 60.0%; Spoiled: 6.3%

D. Turnout: 64.0%; Spoiled: 4.0%

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

A bicameral legislature consists of a House of Representatives with 300 members and a Senate with 100 members. During a session 110 bills were introduced. Before any vote, 10 bills were withdrawn. Of the remaining bills, the House passed (70\%\) and of those passed by the House, the Senate approved (80\%\). How many bills became law at the end of the session?

A. 70

B. 50

Correct C. 56

D. 80

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

A public agency allocates its budget among three programmes A, B and C in the ratio 3:4:5. After a policy change, programme A receives a 10\% increase, programme B a 5\% decrease, and programme C remains unchanged. If the total budget after the changes is $12,100,000$ naira, what was the original total budget?

Correct A. 12000000

B. 12500000

C. 11900000

D. 12100000

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

The Constitution requires that at least two\-thirds of the 109 members of the Senate vote in favour of impeachment for it to be valid. In a recent impeachment vote, 70 senators voted for removal and 30 voted against. Does the impeachment satisfy the constitutional requirement?

A. Yes, the impeachment is valid

Correct B. No

C. Yes

D. Yes, it meets the requirement

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18 View Details

Nigeria has had several constitutions: 1960, 1963, 1979 and 1999. The 1966 coup suspended the 1963 constitution for 2 years (1966‑1968). The 1983 coup suspended the 1979 constitution for 5 years (1983‑1988). The 1993 interim constitution lasted 6 months before military rule resumed until 1999. Calculate the total number of years during which a civilian constitution was in effect from 1960 up to and including 2020.

Correct A. 31.5

B. 32.0

C. 30.5

D. 33.5

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

During a legislative session 120 bills were introduced. Forty percent were withdrawn before debate, and of the remaining bills, 25\% were rejected at the first reading. How many bills were ultimately passed?

A. 48

Correct B. 54

C. 66

D. 42

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20 View Details

Three local government areas (LGAs) have populations of 145,000; 210,000; and 95,000 respectively. A state council of 20 seats is to be allocated proportionally to population using the Hamilton (largest‑remainder) method. Determine how many seats each LGA receives.

Correct A. 7, 9, 4

B. 7, 8, 5

C. 6, 10, 4

D. 8, 9, 3

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21 View Details

A newly enacted law permits police to detain a suspect for up to 48 hours without charge. The constitution guarantees personal liberty and the right to a fair trial. Assess whether this law conforms to the principle of the rule of law. Identify two specific rule‑of‑law principles that are breached by the law.

A. It breaches only the principle of proportionality, as the 48‑hour limit is excessive, but it does not violate the principle of equality before law.

Correct B. The law does not conform to the rule of law. It breaches (i) the principle that the law must protect fundamental human rights - personal liberty and fair trial - and (ii) the principle of legality/equality before law, since it permits arbitrary detention without judicial oversight.

C. The law conforms to the rule of law because it provides a clear time limit for detention, satisfying the principle of legal certainty.

D. The law is consistent with the rule of law, violating no principle, since it allows detention only with police authority and does not require judicial approval.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

Country A seeks to boost trade with Country B but is subject to economic sanctions imposed by Country C. It has two possible strategies: (i) negotiate a bilateral trade agreement with Country B while simultaneously requesting a waiver of the sanctions from Country C; (ii) join the Regional Economic Community (REC) that includes Country B, which would require adopting the REC's common trade and regulatory standards. Considering Nigeria's foreign‑policy objectives of (a) promoting economic development, (b) deepening regional integration, and (c) preserving national sovereignty, which strategy should Nigeria adopt? Justify your choice by evaluating at least two of the stated objectives.

A. Nigeria ought to maintain the status quo and avoid both strategies, focusing instead on internal reforms. By not joining the REC or pursuing a bilateral deal, Nigeria preserves full sovereignty, though it forgoes potential gains in economic development and regional integration.

B. Nigeria should adopt a mixed approach, first signing a bilateral agreement with Country B (Strategy i) and later joining the REC. While this sequence aims to combine immediate trade gains with long‑term integration, it delays the benefits of regional markets and may still expose Nigeria to sanctions pressures.

C. Nigeria should negotiate a bilateral trade agreement with Country B while seeking a sanctions waiver from Country C (Strategy i). This approach directly addresses economic development by securing immediate trade benefits, but it risks compromising sovereignty because it relies on the goodwill of Country C.

Correct D. Nigeria should join the Regional Economic Community (Strategy ii). This choice advances economic development by opening larger markets, deepens regional integration, and, through collective bargaining, helps preserve sovereignty despite the need to adopt common standards.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

In the last three national elections, voter turnout percentages were 55 %, 62 % and 48 %. The government aims to raise turnout in the next election by at least 10 % points. Propose two specific policy measures that could achieve this target and explain how each measure tackles a particular barrier to voter participation.

A. Two measures: (A) a nationwide voter‑education campaign targeting especially senior voters, which removes the awareness barrier; (B) mobile polling stations and extended voting hours in urban areas, which eliminates the physical‑access barrier.

B. Two measures: (A) mandatory voting for all citizens, which removes the choice barrier; (B) online voting platform with no verification, which eliminates the security barrier.

C. Two measures: (A) a tax incentive for voting, which removes the financial barrier; (B) mobile polling stations and extended voting hours in remote areas, which eliminates the information‑access barrier.

Correct D. Two measures: (A) a nationwide voter‑education campaign targeting especially young and first‑time voters, which removes the awareness barrier; (B) mobile polling stations and extended voting hours in remote areas, which eliminates the physical‑access barrier.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24 View Details

Define the principle of separation of powers and enumerate the three branches of government in Nigeria.

A. Separation of powers is a principle that assigns all governmental functions to a single central authority to ensure efficiency. The three branches in Nigeria are the Executive, the Military, and the Judiciary.

Correct B. Separation of powers is the doctrine that divides governmental authority among three independent branches to avoid concentration of power. The three branches in Nigeria are the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary.

C. Separation of powers is the doctrine that separates the powers of the state into two branches: the Executive and the Legislature, leaving the Judiciary as a subordinate body. In Nigeria, the branches are the Executive, the Legislature, and the Civil Service.

D. Separation of powers is the concept that divides governmental authority among the Executive, the Legislature, and the Media, to prevent any one entity from dominating. In Nigeria, the three branches are the Executive, the Legislature, and the Media.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

A teachers' pressure group is demanding a 15 % increase in salaries. The government may (i) negotiate directly with the group, (ii) refer the demand to an independent commission, or (iii) ignore the demand. Analyse the potential advantages and disadvantages of each option for both the government and the teachers, and recommend the most effective approach, supporting your recommendation with at least two criteria.

A. The most effective approach is to negotiate directly with the teachers' group (Option i). Direct talks allow the government to quickly reach a compromise and demonstrate responsiveness to teachers' concerns.

Correct B. The most effective approach is to refer the demand to an independent commission (Option ii). It provides an impartial, credible assessment (fairness) and helps prevent industrial action while still offering teachers a legitimate avenue for salary review.

C. The most effective approach is to ignore the demand (Option iii). By not engaging, the government avoids setting a precedent for future salary increases and maintains fiscal discipline.

D. The most effective approach is to combine negotiation with an independent commission (Option i + ii). This hybrid method ensures immediate dialogue while also providing an expert assessment, balancing speed and fairness.

Correct Answer: B

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