neco 2020 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Government is the system through which a society organises authority, makes decisions and implements policies for the welfare of its people.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the following terms as they relate to government: (i) authority, (ii) sovereignty, (iii) legitimacy.
(b)
Explain the three main functions of government and illustrate each function with a specific example from Nigeria.
(c)
Discuss how the principle of separation of powers contributes to good governance, and evaluate one potential drawback of a strict separation.
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Question 2 View Details
Active involvement of citizens in the political process is essential for a vibrant democracy.
Question Parts
(a)
Distinguish between formal and informal political participation, giving two examples of each that are common in Nigeria.
(b)
The table below shows voter turnout percentages in the three most recent presidential elections in Nigeria. | Election Year | Voter Turnout (%) | |---------------|-------------------| | 2011 | 44 | | 2015 | 38 | | 2019 | 35 | Analyse the trend shown and discuss two plausible reasons for the observed decline.
(c)
Evaluate the impact of compulsory voting on political participation, citing at least one country that has adopted the system and the outcomes that have been recorded.
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Question 3 View Details
The Nigerian Constitution adopts the doctrine of separation of powers. Discuss the significance of this doctrine and evaluate how the system of checks and balances operates among the three arms of government. In your answer, cite at least two specific constitutional provisions that embody the principle and analyse a recent case where one arm exercised its power over another.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the doctrine of separation of powers and state its purpose in a constitutional democracy.
(b)
Identify two constitutional provisions that illustrate the separation of powers in Nigeria and briefly explain how each provision reflects the doctrine.
(c)
Analyse a recent case (within the last ten years) where one arm of government exercised its checking power over another. State the case, the arms involved and the constitutional basis for the action.
(d)
Overall, evaluate how effective the system of checks and balances has been in maintaining democratic governance in Nigeria.
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Question 4 View Details
Democracy is a core value of the Nigerian political system. Outline the essential features of a democratic system as envisaged in the Nigerian Constitution. Then evaluate the extent to which Nigeria’s electoral process reflects these features, mentioning at least two strengths and two weaknesses. Conclude with a concrete recommendation to improve one identified weakness.
Question Parts
(a)
State the essential features of democracy that are recognised in the Nigerian Constitution.
(b)
Identify two strengths of Nigeria’s electoral process that demonstrate these democratic features.
(c)
Identify two weaknesses in the electoral process that undermine democratic principles.
(d)
Propose one realistic reform to address one of the weaknesses mentioned in part (c) and explain how it would enhance democratic practice.
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Question 5 View Details
In a democratic society, the rule of law is regarded as a cornerstone of good governance and social justice.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the rule of law in your own words.
(b)
Explain two essential features of the rule of law.
(c)
Illustrate, with two examples from Nigerian society, how the rule of law promotes justice.
(d)
Discuss two challenges to the full implementation of the rule of law in Nigeria and suggest one measure to address each challenge.
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Question 6 View Details
The separation of powers is a fundamental principle in the Nigerian constitutional framework.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the separation of powers.
(b)
Identify the three organs of government in Nigeria and state the primary function of each.
(c)
Explain how the system of checks and balances operates among these organs, giving one specific mechanism for each pair of organs.
(d)
Evaluate the effectiveness of the separation of powers in preventing abuse of power in Nigeria, citing a recent political event as illustration.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives, is the supreme law‑making body in Nigeria. It performs a range of functions that affect the political, economic and social life of the nation.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain in detail the stages a bill must pass through in the National Assembly before it becomes law, and state the type of majority required at each stage.
(b)
Discuss the specific powers of the Senate that enable it to influence legislation and how these powers reflect the principle of federal character in Nigeria.
(c)
Evaluate the effectiveness of legislative oversight over the executive in Nigeria, giving at least two concrete examples of oversight actions taken in the last decade.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive arm of government in Nigeria is headed by the President and includes the Vice‑President, the Federal Executive Council and the civil service. It is responsible for policy formulation, implementation and administration of the nation.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the constitutional powers of the President of Nigeria, distinguishing between his executive, legislative and judicial related functions.
(b)
Analyze the role of the Federal Executive Council (FEC) in policy implementation and explain how it provides a check on the President’s unilateral decisions.
(c)
Critically assess how the principle of separation of powers has affected governance in Nigeria, citing at least one recent political event that illustrates both the strengths and the challenges of this principle.
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