neco 2020 geography | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
The map below shows part of a local government area. The map scale is 1 cm : 5 km. The map includes Town A, Town B, a river and a rectangular agricultural field.
Question Parts
(a)
The straight‑line distance between Town A and Town B measured on the map is 7.2 cm. Calculate the actual distance between the two towns in kilometres.
(b)
Using the compass rose shown on the map, state the approximate bearing of the line joining Town A to Town B.
(c)
The rectangular field is shown with a length of 0.35 cm and a width of 0.20 cm on the map. Determine the real area of the field in hectares. (1 km² = 100 ha)
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Question 2 View Details
The map below depicts three cities and a circular park. The distance between City C and City D on the map is 4.8 cm, and the real distance between them is known to be 12 km.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the map scale and express it in the form 1 cm : ___ km.
(b)
Using the scale found in part (a), calculate the actual distance between City E and City F, which are 3.5 cm apart on the map.
(c)
The park is shown as a circle with a radius of 0.6 cm on the map. Find the real area of the park in square kilometres (km²) and in hectares (ha), using the scale from part (a). (1 km² = 100 ha)
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Question 3 View Details
City A is situated at 5\(^\circ\)N latitude and 7\(^\circ\)E longitude, while City B lies at 8\(^\circ\)N latitude and 10\(^\circ\)E longitude. Using the fact that one degree of latitude corresponds to approximately 111 km and that the length of a degree of longitude equals 111 km \(\times\) cos (average latitude), answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the north‑south distance between the two cities.
(b)
Determine the east‑west distance between the two cities, using the average latitude of the two locations.
(c)
Estimate the straight‑line (great‑circle) distance between the two cities by treating the north‑south and east‑west components as perpendicular sides of a right‑angled triangle.
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Question 4 View Details
The table below shows the observed weather data for the town of Ikot Ekpene over a seven‑day period. | Day | Max Temp (°C) | Min Temp (°C) | Relative Humidity (%) | Wind Direction | |-----|---------------|---------------|-----------------------|----------------| | Mon | 31 | 22 | 78 | NNE | | Tue | 34 | 24 | 85 | NE | | Wed | 29 | 21 | 70 | E | | Thu | 33 | 23 | 88 | N | | Fri | 35 | 25 | 92 | NNW | | Sat | 30 | 22 | 80 | NE | | Sun | 28 | 20 | 65 | SE | Using this information, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the day on which the heat index would be highest. (Use the simplified heat‑index approximation: HI \(=\) T + 0.33\(RH\) – 0.70, where T is the maximum temperature in °C and RH is the relative humidity in %.)
(b)
Explain why a thunderstorm was most likely to have occurred on Thursday, referring to at least two atmospheric conditions shown in the table.
(c)
Based on the observed trend, predict the likely weather (temperature range, humidity level and wind direction) for the following Monday and justify your prediction in two sentences.
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Question 5 View Details
The table below shows the average monthly temperature (°C) and total monthly rainfall (mm) recorded at the coastal town of Lagos over a typical year. | Month | Avg. Temp (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | |-------|----------------|---------------| | Jan | 27.0 | 30 | | Feb | 28.0 | 45 | | Mar | 28.5 | 70 | | Apr | 28.0 | 120 | | May | 27.5 | 180 | | Jun | 26.5 | 250 | | Jul | 26.0 | 300 | | Aug | 26.5 | 280 | | Sep | 27.0 | 200 | | Oct | 27.5 | 130 | | Nov | 27.5 | 70 | | Dec | 27.0 | 35 | Using this information, answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean annual temperature and the total annual rainfall for Lagos.
(b)
Using the Köppen climate classification system, determine the climate type of Lagos. Justify your answer with reference to the calculated values and the seasonal distribution of rainfall.
(c)
Discuss two major factors that influence the climate of Lagos and explain how each factor contributes to the observed climate pattern.
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Question 6 View Details
A geologist examines three distinct rock exposures in a region undergoing uplift and erosion: (i) A dark, fine‑grained rock with visible phenocrysts of feldspar. (ii) A layered rock composed mainly of quartz and clay minerals that contains fossil shells. (iii) A coarse‑grained rock that shows foliation and contains garnet crystals. Answer the following questions based on these observations.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the rock type for each exposure and give one key characteristic that supports your identification.
() Exposure (i): ______________________ (key characteristic: ____________________).
() Exposure (ii): ______________________ (key characteristic: ____________________).
() Exposure (iii): ______________________ (key characteristic: ____________________).
(b)
Explain the formation processes of each identified rock type, linking the processes to the observed characteristics.
(c)
The region is undergoing uplift and erosion. Discuss how the weathering of each rock type would affect soil fertility in the area. Include which nutrients are likely to be released and the relative rate of soil formation.
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Question 7 View Details
The coastal region of Baytown exhibits a sequence of landforms that include sea cliffs, a wave‑cut platform, a beach and a dune system.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the processes that lead to the formation of each of the four landforms mentioned.
(b)
Compare the stability of the dune system with that of the sea cliff, highlighting the role of vegetation and wave energy.
(c)
Discuss two potential human activities that could accelerate the degradation of the sea cliff and suggest one management measure for each activity.
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Question 8 View Details
River Zeta originates at an elevation of 1,250 m in the highlands and flows to the sea at sea level. The river length measured along its thalweg is 180 km. The underlying geology consists of alternating bands of resistant granite and easily weathered shale. The basin receives an average annual rainfall of 1,200 mm, and the observed mean monthly discharge (in cubic metres per second) for the rainy‑season months (April–September) is given in the table below. | Month | Discharge (m³/s) | |-------|------------------| | April | 45 | | May | 60 | | June | 78 | | July | 85 | | August| 80 | | September | 70 |
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average gradient of River Zeta in metres per kilometre (m km⁻¹).
(b)
Identify the drainage pattern most likely to develop on the basin given the described geology and explain why.
(c)
Using the discharge data, determine the month with the highest runoff coefficient, assuming runoff coefficient = discharge (m³/s) ÷ rainfall intensity (mm per month). Assume rainfall is uniformly distributed over the six months at 200 mm per month. Show your calculation.
(d)
Propose two engineering measures to reduce flood risk in the lower reaches of the river, and briefly justify how each measure works.
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