neco 2019 islamic_religious_studies | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Answer the following questions on the Qur'an, focusing on Surah Al‑‘Asr (103) and Surah Al‑Fātiḥa (1).
Question Parts
(a)
State the central theme of Surah Al‑‘Asr and explain how it is expressed in the verses.
(b)
Summarise the way Ibn Kathir’s commentary (tafsīr) clarifies the meaning of Surah Al‑‘Asr.
(c)
Discuss how Surah Al‑‘Asr and Surah Al‑Fātiḥa together reflect the concept of Tawḥīd (the oneness of Allah) and human accountability.
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Question 2 View Details
Answer the following questions on the Hadith literature, with reference to the collections of Imam Bukhari and Imam Abu Dawud.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the principal criteria (ʿilm al‑ḥadīth) that Imam Bukhari employed when deciding whether to include a narration in his Sahīḥ.
(b)
Compare how the hadith ‘Actions are judged by intentions’ (ʿAn‑naṣīḥatu bil‑niyyah) is presented in Sahīḥ Bukhari and in Sunan Abu Dawud, noting any differences in wording, chain of transmission, or classification.
(c)
Evaluate the impact of this hadith on the formulation of the principle of niyyah (intention) in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).
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Question 3 View Details
Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) is the cornerstone of Islamic belief. Answer the following questions in detail.
Question Parts
(a)
Define Tawhid and describe its three categories: Tawhid al‑Rububiyyah, Tawhid al‑Uluhiyyah, and Tawhid al‑Asma wa al‑Sifat.
(b)
For each of the three categories give two specific examples of how it shapes a Muslim's belief or daily practice.
(c)
Analyse the spiritual and practical consequences for an individual who compromises any one of the three categories of Tawhid.
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Question 4 View Details
The six articles of faith (Iman) form the foundation of a Muslim's belief system. Answer the following questions in depth.
Question Parts
(a)
List the six articles of faith and cite one Qur'anic verse or authentic Hadith that supports each article.
(b)
Explain how belief in angels influences a Muslim's ethical behaviour and daily conduct.
(c)
Discuss the impact of belief in the Day of Judgment on a Muslim's sense of social responsibility and justice.
(d)
Reflect on how belief in destiny (Qadar) is reconciled with the concept of free will in Islamic theology.
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Question 5 View Details
Explain the significance of the Pillars of Islam that relate to worship (Ibadah) and analyse how they contribute to the spiritual and social welfare of the Muslim community.
Question Parts
(a)
State the five Pillars of Islam and indicate which of them are classified under Ibadah.
(b)
Salah (prayer)
() State the minimum conditions that must be fulfilled for a prayer to be valid.
() Discuss two spiritual benefits and two social benefits that result from regular observance of Salah.
(c)
Zakat (obligatory almsgiving)
() Explain the criteria that determine who is liable to pay Zakat and who is eligible to receive it.
() Evaluate the impact of Zakat on poverty alleviation in a typical Nigerian Muslim community, using a brief illustrative example.
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Question 6 View Details
Discuss the development of Shariah law from its primary sources to contemporary applications, and critically assess the role of Ijtihad in adapting Islamic law to modern challenges.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and briefly describe the primary sources of Shariah.
(b)
Explain the concept of Ijtihad, including the qualifications required of a Mujtahid.
(c)
Using a recent issue (e.g., bio‑ethics, financial technology), illustrate how Ijtihad has been employed to derive a contemporary ruling, and assess the strengths and limitations of this approach.
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Question 7 View Details
Answer the following questions on Islamic Family Law.
Question Parts
(a)
State the essential conditions for a valid nikah (Islamic marriage) according to the Qur'an and Sunnah.
(b)
Explain the rights and obligations of husband and wife regarding mahr, maintenance (nafaqah), and mutual respect.
(c)
Evaluate how the concept of ‘iddah’ safeguards the rights of women in contemporary Nigerian society, citing at least two practical implications.
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Question 8 View Details
Answer the following questions on Islamic Criminal and Commercial Law.
Question Parts
(a)
Discuss the principles of Qisas and Diyah in Islamic criminal law and compare them with the concept of retributive justice in the Nigerian criminal law system.
(b)
Analyse the permissibility of riba (interest) in commercial transactions, citing relevant Qur'anic verses and the views of at least two classical scholars.
(c)
Propose a Shariah‑compliant financing arrangement for a Nigerian Muslim entrepreneur who wishes to start a small trading business. Explain how the structure satisfies both Islamic principles and commercial viability.
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