neco 2019 geography | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A 1:50,000 topographic map of the fictional area Riverdale is supplied. The map shows the following grid references (in kilometres): - Town A: (34.5 E, 40.0 N) - Town B: (35.2 E, 45.0 N) - Town C: (36.0 E, 42.5 N) - Point X (hill base) at elevation 120 m, point Y (hill summit) at elevation 180 m; the two points are 2.5 cm apart on the map. The map scale is 1 cm = 500 m and the contour interval is 10 m. The north arrow points to true north. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the straight‑line distance between Town A and Town B. Express your answer in kilometres (to one decimal place) and also state the corresponding distance measured on the map in centimetres (to one decimal place).
(b)
Calculate the actual gradient (slope) between point X and point Y as a percentage (to one decimal place).
(c)
Using the grid references, find the bearing from Town A to Town C. Give the bearing in the form N ° E (rounded to the nearest degree).
(d)
State two possible sources of error that could affect the measurements you have made on the map.
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Question 2 View Details
A rectangular garden measures 36 m in length and 24 m in width. A student is required to produce a scale diagram of the garden on A4 paper using a scale of 1 : 200. The student draws the diagram with a ruler and records the following observations: - The perimeter of the diagram measured with a ruler is 30 cm. - The student later discovers that the scale used was mistakenly 1 : 250. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
State the dimensions of the garden diagram in centimetres when the correct scale of 1 : 200 is applied.
(b)
Calculate the percentage error in the area of the diagram that results from using the incorrect scale of 1 : 250 instead of 1 : 200.
(c)
Using the measured perimeter of 30 cm and the correct scale, determine the actual perimeter of the garden in metres. Explain one possible reason why the measured perimeter differs from the theoretical perimeter of the correctly drawn diagram.
(d)
Suggest two practical precautions the student should observe when constructing scale diagrams of real‑world objects.
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Question 3 View Details
A topographic map of the River Niger basin is drawn at a scale of 1 cm : 5 km. The map shows the following coordinates (in degrees, minutes):\n\n- Town A: 5°12' N, 7°30' E\n- Town B: 5°45' N, 8°10' E\n\nUsing the map and the given coordinates, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the difference in latitude (Δφ) and longitude (Δλ) between Town A and Town B in decimal degrees.
(b)
Using the fact that 1° of latitude equals 111 km and at the mean latitude (5°28' N) 1° of longitude equals 111 km × cos 5.47°, calculate the straight‑line (great‑circle approximated) distance between the two towns. Show all steps.
(c)
A survey road is constructed from Town A to Town B following a bearing of N30°E. Assuming the road follows a straight line, estimate the length of the road and comment on the possible error compared with the straight‑line distance calculated in part (b).
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Question 4 View Details
During a three‑day field observation at a coastal station, the following weather data were recorded at 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 hours each day:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the mean daily temperature (°C) for each of the three days and then determine the overall mean temperature for the entire period.
(b)
Using the recorded relative humidity (RH) values, compute the mean daily dew‑point temperature for each day with the approximation: \( T_{dp}= T - \frac{100 - RH}{5} \), where \(T\) is the temperature at the same time. Show your calculations.
(c)
The Heat Index (HI) for each observation can be approximated by \( HI = T + 0.33 \times (RH - 40) \). Determine the highest Heat Index recorded during the three‑day period and discuss two possible sources of error that could affect the reliability of the Heat Index values obtained in the field.
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