Practice neco civic_education 2019 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A survey in $2022$ showed that $12\%$ of secondary school students had tried marijuana. After a new awareness programme, the proportion of new initiates drops by $30\%$ relative to the previous year, while the total student population grows by $5\%$. If the school had $1,200$ students in $2022$, what is the expected percentage of students who have tried marijuana in $2023$? Express your answer as a percentage to the nearest whole number.

A. 11%

B. 9%

C. 7%

Correct D. 8%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

In Country X, $2.5\%$ of the population were reported to have experienced unlawful detention in 2020. The population grows at $2\%$ per year. A new law introduced in 2021 reduces the incidence of unlawful detention by $40\%$ after two years. If the population was $18$ million in 2020, what is the expected number of people who will experience unlawful detention in 2023? Give your answer as a whole number.

A. 468180

Correct B. 280908

C. 286526

D. 477544

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

Over a ten‑year period, a region experienced seven armed conflicts. The durations (in months) of six of the conflicts were 14, 22, 9, 31, 18 and 27. Let $X$ be the duration of the seventh conflict. After a comprehensive peace agreement, the average duration of conflicts was reduced by $20\%$ compared with the original average, and the total combined duration of all seven conflicts after the agreement became 150 months. Determine the value of $X$ and the original average duration (in months) of the conflicts before the agreement. Give your answers to one decimal place.

Correct A. X = 66.5 months; original average ≈ 26.8 months

B. X = 58.0 months; original average ≈ 24.5 months

C. X = 61.5 months; original average ≈ 25.3 months

D. X = 72.0 months; original average ≈ 28.0 months

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4 View Details

A student finds a lost wallet on campus and returns it to its owner without taking any money. Identify the core civic value demonstrated by this action and explain briefly why this value is important for societal cohesion.

Correct A. Honesty; because it builds trust among members of society.

B. Civic duty; because it reflects active participation in community responsibilities.

C. Altruism; because it demonstrates concern for the well‑being of others.

D. Responsibility; because it encourages accountability among community members.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

Two peace proposals, A and B, are evaluated on three criteria with the following weights: inclusivity (0.4), resource‑allocation fairness (0.35) and implementation feasibility (0.25). Proposal A scores 70, 80 and 60 out of 100 respectively, while Proposal B scores 85, 65 and 70. (a) Compute the weighted average score for each proposal. (b) A conflict‑affected community will accept only a proposal whose inclusivity score is at least 75. Which proposal(s) satisfy this condition? Provide the weighted scores (to two decimal places) and indicate the acceptable proposal(s).

A. Proposal A weighted score = 68.00; Proposal B weighted score = 71.25. No proposal meets the inclusivity threshold.

B. Proposal A weighted score = 72.00; Proposal B weighted score = 75.00. Both proposals meet the inclusivity threshold.

Correct C. Proposal A weighted score = 71.00; Proposal B weighted score = 74.25. Only Proposal B meets the inclusivity threshold.

D. Proposal A weighted score = 70.50; Proposal B weighted score = 73.75. Only Proposal A meets the inclusivity threshold.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

A citizen has 40 hours each week for personal activities. They must allocate at least $5$ hours to voting preparation, at least $3$ hours to community service, and at least $2$ hours to staying informed about government policies. If the citizen decides to spend exactly twice as many hours on community service as on staying informed, how many hours can they allocate to other duties while meeting all minimum requirements?

A. 28

Correct B. 29

C. 26

D. 30

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

Driver A currently has $12$ demerit points on his licence. Offence types add the following points: Offence X adds $3$ points, Offence Y adds $4$ points, and Offence Z adds $2$ points. The driver commits offences in the repeating pattern X, Y, Z, X, Y, Z, … A licence is suspended when the total reaches $24$ points. After how many offences will the licence be suspended?

A. 3

B. 6

Correct C. 4

D. 5

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

The distance between Town A and Town B is $120$ km. The speed limit is $80$ km/h for the first $60$ km and $100$ km/h for the remaining $60$ km. The driver travels the whole distance in $1$ hour $20$ minutes while maintaining a constant speed throughout the journey. Determine whether the driver exceeded any speed limit and, if so, calculate the total fine. The fine is $50$ Naira for each kilometre per hour of excess speed in the segment where the violation occurred.

Correct A. 500

B. 600

C. 550

D. 400

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9 View Details

The federal government allocated $2.5$ billion Naira to the health sector. An audit found that $12$% of the funds were siphoned by officials, and subsequently $5$% of the remaining amount was lost due to procurement fraud. What amount of money remains for genuine health projects, and what percentage of the original allocation has been lost in total?

A. 2.26 billion Naira; 9.6%

B. 2.075 billion Naira; 17%

Correct C. 2.09 billion Naira; 16.4%

D. 2.2 billion Naira; 12%

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

The parliament consists of $150$ seats distributed among five parties: Party A - $45$ seats, Party B - $38$ seats, Party C - $27$ seats, Party D - $20$ seats, and Party E - $20$ seats. A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority (at least $100$ seats). Party A seeks to form a coalition with the smallest possible number of other parties to reach this threshold. Which parties should join Party A, and how many seats will the coalition hold?

A. Party B and Party D (or E); 100 seats

B. Party C and Party D; 92 seats

C. Party B and Party C; 110 seats

Correct D. Party B and Party D (or E); 103 seats

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

During a school assembly, Chinedu notices that a fellow student, Ada, is being bullied by a group of peers. He intervenes, stops the bullying, and later reports the incident to the school counselor. Which civic value is most directly demonstrated by Chinedu's actions?

A. social solidarity

Correct B. civic responsibility

C. personal integrity

D. community participation

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12 View Details

A journalist, Tunde, publishes an investigative report exposing corruption in a state agency. The government orders his immediate detention without trial, citing national security. (a) Which fundamental human right is being violated? (b) Under which article of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution is this right guaranteed? Provide the article number.

A. Freedom of movement; Article 38(1)

B. Right to fair trial; Article 36(1)

Correct C. Freedom of expression; Article 39(1)

D. Freedom of assembly; Article 40(1)

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13 View Details

Two students, Emeka and Bola, are assigned a group project. Emeka does all the work while Bola contributes only minimally but claims equal credit. Which civic value is primarily being compromised by Bola's behaviour?

A. integrity

Correct B. fairness

C. teamwork

D. responsibility

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details

The National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 members) and the House of Representatives (360 members). To amend the Constitution, a two‑thirds majority of each chamber is required. In a recent amendment vote, the Senate recorded 70 votes in favour, 30 against, and 9 members absent. The House recorded 240 votes in favour, 80 against, and 40 absent. Did the amendment satisfy the constitutional requirement to be adopted? Explain your reasoning.

A. No; the Senate achieved a simple majority but not a two‑thirds majority (needs at least 73 votes, only 70 were cast), and the House also fell short (needs at least 240 votes, only 240 were cast).

Correct B. No; the Senate did not achieve the required two‑thirds majority (needs at least 73 votes, only 70 were cast).

C. No; the House did not achieve the required two‑thirds majority (needs at least 240 votes, only 240 were cast).

D. Yes; both chambers met the two‑thirds majority requirement (Senate 70/109, House 240/360).

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

In response to a contagious disease outbreak, the government enacts a law that bans all public gatherings of more than five persons, imposes a fine of $\text{₦}50,000$ for violations, and allows police to disperse gatherings without a warrant. Evaluate whether this restriction is compatible with the constitutional right to peaceful assembly, citing the test of reasonableness and proportionality.

A. Yes; permitting police to disperse gatherings without a warrant is allowed in a health emergency, so the restriction does not infringe the constitutional right to peaceful assembly.

B. No; although the ban limits assemblies, it is reasonable and proportionate, so the law is compatible with the constitutional right.

C. Yes; the blanket ban is narrowly tailored to protect public health and therefore satisfies the reasonableness and proportionality test.

Correct D. No; the blanket ban and warrant‑less dispersal are not reasonable or proportionate, so the restriction violates the constitutional right to peaceful assembly.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

If a community has a population of 200,000 and initially 12% are drug users, i.e., $0.12 \times 200{,}000 = 24{,}000$ users, an education program reaches 80% of the users at a cost of $20 per person and reduces drug use among those reached by 25%. After the education program, a rehabilitation program costing $150 per person is offered to the remaining users, but the total budget for both programmes is $500,000. Determine whether the budget is sufficient to treat all remaining users, and compute the final number of drug users after both interventions.

A. No; final number of drug users = 18,000

Correct B. No; final number of drug users = 18,736

C. Yes; final number of drug users = 18,736

D. No; final number of drug users = 19,200

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

A citizen's civic‑point system awards 4 points for each voting activity, 1 point for each hour of community service, and 2 points for paying taxes on time, but a late tax payment incurs a 3‑point penalty. The citizen has performed 2 voting activities, completed 5 hours of community service, and paid taxes late once. To reach the "good citizen" status (minimum 20 points) the citizen can attend civic‑education workshops, each giving 2 points and costing ₦500. With a budget of ₦3,000 for extra activities, determine the combination of additional workshops and extra community‑service hours that achieves the required points with the smallest total number of extra activities.

Correct A. 4 workshops, 0 extra service hours

B. 5 workshops, 0 extra service hours

C. 3 workshops, 2 extra service hours

D. 4 workshops, 1 extra service hour

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

Three ethnic groups A, B and C have grievance scores of 70, 55 and 80 respectively (higher scores indicate greater grievance). A peace committee can use two interventions: a dialogue session costing \$10,000 that reduces a chosen group's grievance by 5 points, and an economic aid package costing \$25,000 that reduces a chosen group's grievance by 12 points. With a total budget of \$200,000, the committee must bring every group's grievance to 40 or below. Propose a feasible allocation of interventions (numbers of dialogue sessions and aid packages for each group) that meets the target and state whether the budget is sufficient.

A. Allocate 4 dialogue sessions to Group A, 2 to Group B, 5 to Group C; total cost $110,000; budget sufficient.

B. Allocate 5 dialogue sessions to Group A, 4 to Group B, 7 to Group C; total cost $160,000; budget sufficient.

C. Allocate 6 dialogue sessions to Group A, 3 to Group B, 8 to Group C; total cost $190,000; budget insufficient.

Correct D. Allocate 6 dialogue sessions to Group A, 3 to Group B, 8 to Group C; total cost $170,000; budget sufficient.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19 View Details

A public servant is evaluated on four criteria with the following weights: Integrity 30%, Efficiency 25%, Initiative 20% and Public Engagement 25%. The servant scores 78 in Integrity, 82 in Efficiency and 90 in Public Engagement. To be eligible for promotion the overall rating must be at least 80. What is the minimum score the servant must obtain in the Initiative criterion?

A. 55

B. 75

C. 70

Correct D. 68

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A citizen has 40 hours each week to allocate among three civic responsibilities: voting‑related activities (2 hours per activity), community‑service projects (4 hours per project) and public‑meeting attendance (1 hour per meeting). The citizen wishes to undertake at least 5 voting activities and at least 8 public meetings each week. Determine whether the schedule is feasible and, if so, the maximum number of community‑service projects that can be undertaken while meeting the other minimums.

A. No, not feasible.

B. Yes, feasible; up to 6 community service projects.

C. Yes, feasible; up to 4 community service projects.

Correct D. Yes, feasible; up to 5 community service projects.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

Consider the following scenario: In Country X, the constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression, but allows it to be limited if the limitation is (i) prescribed by law, (ii) pursues a legitimate aim, and (iii) is necessary in a democratic society. A new law criminalises any public speech that "incites hatred against a protected group" and imposes a fine of ₦50,000. The law defines "incitement" as any statement that "creates hostility towards the group". A journalist publishes an article criticising the political influence of that group without calling for violence. Is the journalist's prosecution under the new law permissible under the constitutional test for reasonable limitation of freedom of expression? Justify your answer.

A. Yes, the prosecution is permissible since the restriction is necessary to protect public order, meeting the necessity requirement.

B. No, the prosecution is not permissible because the law fails to pursue a legitimate aim, even though it is prescribed by law.

C. Yes, the prosecution is permissible because the law satisfies the legitimate aim and is clearly prescribed by law.

Correct D. No, the prosecution is not permissible because the law fails the necessity and proportionality requirement of the reasonable‑limitation test.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

The President of Country Y issues an executive order that closes all private schools for six months, citing a public‑health emergency. The order was not passed by the National Assembly. The constitution states that any restriction on the right to education must be made by law enacted by the legislature. Does the executive order comply with the rule of law? Explain your reasoning.

A. Yes, it is permissible under the rule of law since the constitution grants the executive authority to close schools during emergencies.

B. No, it violates the rule of law, but the violation stems from infringing the right to education rather than the absence of a legislative enactment.

C. Yes, it complies with the rule of law because the President may act unilaterally in a public‑health emergency without a legislative act.

Correct D. No, it violates the rule of law because the restriction was not made by a law passed by the legislature, breaching the principle of legality.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

A law enacted on 1 January 2024 imposes a penalty of five years' imprisonment for possession of a certain controlled drug. A person was arrested on 15 December 2023 for possession of that drug. The authorities apply the new penalty to the person despite the offence occurring before the law came into force. Does this application violate the rule‑of‑law principle of non‑retroactivity? Provide a brief justification.

Correct A. Yes, it violates the non‑retroactivity principle because the harsher penalty is being applied to conduct that occurred before the law was enacted.

B. Yes, it violates the principle of legality, not non‑retroactivity, since the conduct was not defined as illegal at the time.

C. No, the application is permissible because the penalty is less severe than the previous law.

D. No, it does not violate the non‑retroactivity principle because the law applies to all offenses regardless of timing.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

In Country Z the government provides a subsidy of ₦10,000 per year to each farmer in Region A, but no subsidy to farmers in Region B. There are 8,000 farmers in Region A and 12,000 farmers in Region B. (a) Calculate the per‑farmer subsidy disparity between the two regions. (b) Discuss whether this differential treatment is compatible with the constitutional principle of equality before the law, assuming the constitution requires equal treatment unless a reasonable distinction is justified.

A. (a) \₦10,000 per farmer. (b) The disparity is constitutional because the government may treat regions differently to promote development, so it does not violate equality before the law.

B. (a) \₦10,000 per farmer. (b) The disparity is unconstitutional only if the subsidy amount exceeds \₦5,000; otherwise it is permissible under the equality principle.

Correct C. (a) \₦10,000 per farmer. (b) The disparity is unconstitutional unless the government can demonstrate a legitimate, proportionate reason; otherwise it violates equality before the law.

D. (a) \₦0 per farmer. (b) The disparity is unconstitutional unless the government can demonstrate a legitimate, proportionate reason; otherwise it violates equality before the law.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

The constitution of Country Q provides that an amendment requires (i) a two‑thirds majority of all members of the National Assembly (total members = 200) and (ii) at least half of the members of each house to vote in favour. The National Assembly is bicameral, consisting of a Senate with 60 members and a House of Representatives with 140 members. What is the minimum number of affirmative votes that must be obtained in each house and in total for an amendment to be successfully passed?

Correct A. Minimum votes: Senate = 30, House = 104, total = 134 affirmative votes.

B. Minimum votes: Senate = 40, House = 94, total = 134 affirmative votes.

C. Minimum votes: Senate = 30, House = 70, total = 100 affirmative votes.

D. Minimum votes: Senate = 30, House = 110, total = 140 affirmative votes.

Correct Answer: A

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