neco 2018 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A wooden block is supplied with a certified length of 150.00 mm. Using a metre rule (least count = 1 mm) and a vernier caliper (least count = 0.02 mm) you are to determine the length of the block and assess the reliability of the measurements. Three successive readings are taken with each instrument as shown in the table below. | Instrument | Reading 1 (mm) | Reading 2 (mm) | Reading 3 (mm) | |------------|----------------|----------------|----------------| | Metre rule | 149.8 | 150.2 | 150.0 | | Vernier caliper | 150.12 | 150.08 | 150.10 | Answer the following: a) Calculate the average length obtained with the metre rule and state its absolute uncertainty. b) Calculate the average length obtained with the vernier caliper and state its absolute uncertainty. c) Using the true length (150.00 mm) compute the percent error for each instrument. State whether each measurement is acceptable if the acceptable limit is ±0.5% of the true length.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is set up with two known forces acting on a ring. The first force, \(F_{1}\), has a magnitude of 5.0 N and is applied along the horizontal (0°). The second force, \(F_{2}\), has a magnitude of 3.0 N and is applied at an angle of 60° measured anticlockwise from the horizontal. The resultant force is obtained experimentally by adding a third force until equilibrium is achieved. The experimental resultant recorded on the spring scale is 7.2 N acting at 32° from the horizontal. Answer the following: a) Resolve each of the two applied forces into horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components. b) Using the component method, calculate the analytical resultant magnitude and its direction. c) Determine the percentage difference between the analytical and experimental resultant magnitudes, and state the difference in direction (in degrees). d) Identify two possible sources of error in the experiment and suggest one precaution for each to minimise the error.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each of the two applied forces into horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components.
(b)
Using the component method, calculate the analytical resultant magnitude and its direction.
(c)
Determine the percentage difference between the analytical and experimental resultant magnitudes, and state the difference in direction (in degrees).
(d)
Identify two possible sources of error in the experiment and suggest one precaution for each to minimise the error.
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Question 3 View Details
A cart is released from rest down a smooth inclined plane. The motion is recorded with a ticker timer that marks dots at a frequency of 50 Hz (i.e., 0.02 s between successive dots). The distance between successive dots is measured on graph paper where 1 cm corresponds to 0.01 m. The angle of the incline, measured with a protractor, is 15°. The recorded distances between five successive pairs of dots are: 2.4 cm, 2.6 cm, 2.8 cm, 3.0 cm and 3.2 cm. Using this data, determine the experimental acceleration of the cart, the theoretical acceleration down the plane, and the percentage error of the experimental value.
Question Parts
(a)
Convert the five recorded distances into metres and calculate the instantaneous speed of the cart for each interval.
(b)
Using the first and last speeds obtained in part (a) and the total distance covered between the first and last dot, calculate the experimental acceleration of the cart.
(c)
Calculate the theoretical acceleration of the cart down the incline using g = 9.8 m s\^{-2}.
(d)
Determine the percentage error of the experimental acceleration obtained in part (b) relative to the theoretical value from part (c).
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Question 4 View Details
A wooden block of mass 0.80 kg rests on a horizontal wooden table. The block is attached to a light string that passes over a smooth pulley and is connected to a spring balance. Masses are added to the hanging end of the string until the block just begins to move. The spring balance reading at the instant of impending motion is 3.2 N. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the table is to be determined and used to predict the force required if the block's mass is increased by 0.50 kg.
Question Parts
(a)
State the reading on the spring balance when the block just starts to move.
(b)
Calculate the coefficient of static friction (μ_s) between the block and the table.
(c)
If the mass of the block is increased to 1.30 kg, predict the new spring‑balance reading required to start the block moving, assuming the same coefficient of static friction.
(d)
List two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one method to reduce each error.
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