neco 2018 computer_studies | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Discuss the development of computers from the early mechanical devices to modern microprocessor‑based systems.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify two major milestones in the evolution of computers before 1970 and explain their significance.
(b)
Describe the impact of the invention of the microprocessor on computer design and usage.
(c)
Evaluate how the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers has affected society in terms of access to information and employment opportunities.
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Question 2 View Details
A small business plans to set up a computer workstation for its accounting department. The workstation must run accounting software, handle moderate multitasking, and have a reliable backup system. The budget for the hardware components is ₦250,000.
Question Parts
(a)
List the essential hardware components required for the workstation and justify the choice of each component based on the given requirements.
(b)
The accountant requires at least 8 GB of RAM and a storage solution that provides both speed and data safety. Propose a storage configuration (type and capacity) that meets these needs and explain how it satisfies speed and reliability criteria.
(c)
Using the price list below, calculate the total estimated cost of the proposed configuration. Ensure the total does not exceed the budget. If it exceeds, suggest an alternative component to stay within budget and justify the change. Price List: - CPU (Intel i5) – ₦80,000 - Motherboard – ₦30,000 - RAM 8 GB – ₦20,000 - SSD 256 GB – ₦25,000 - HDD 1 TB – ₦15,000 - Power Supply – ₦10,000 - Case – ₦8,000 - Monitor – ₦40,000 - Keyboard & Mouse set – ₦7,000 - UPS – ₦25,000
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Question 3 View Details
GreenTech Ltd. is a small enterprise that is planning to upgrade its computer systems to improve productivity. The management needs guidance on software selection, licensing and installation procedures.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the following categories of computer software and give one example for each: (i) System software (ii) Application software (iii) Utility software
(b)
The company requires software for word processing, spreadsheet calculations and a relational database. Recommend a single software suite that can meet all three needs. In your recommendation discuss: (i) Cost considerations (ii) Licensing model (iii) Compatibility with existing hardware (iv) Support and updates
(c)
Outline the step‑by‑step procedure for installing the recommended suite on a computer running Windows 10, including: (i) Preparation of the system (ii) Installation steps (iii) Creating a standard user account for staff (iv) Setting the default folder for saving documents
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Question 4 View Details
The table below shows the number of units of product X sold by Alpha Enterprises in each month of 2023.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the following for the monthly sales data: (i) Total units sold in the year (ii) Mean (average) monthly sales (iii) Median monthly sales (iv) Mode of the monthly sales, if any (v) Range of monthly sales
(b)
Compare the performance of the first half of the year (January–June) with the second half (July–December). Determine the percentage increase in total sales from the first half to the second half.
(c)
Suggest the most appropriate type of graph to display the monthly sales trend and briefly explain why it is suitable.
(d)
If the company wishes to store this sales data in a database, identify two suitable data types for the ‘Month’ and ‘Units Sold’ fields, and describe one method of ensuring data integrity for the ‘Units Sold’ entries.
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Question 5 View Details
A secondary school is planning to digitise its student records and store them electronically. The project involves selecting appropriate storage media, estimating the amount of storage needed for image files, and deciding whether to use a cloud‑based service for backup.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the difference between primary and secondary storage. Give two examples of each and discuss one advantage of primary storage and one advantage of secondary storage.
(b)
Each student photograph is a colour image of 1024 × 768 pixels with a 24‑bit colour depth. Calculate the total storage required in megabytes (MB) if the 1 200 photographs are stored uncompressed. Show all steps of your calculation. Then suggest one method that could be used to reduce the storage requirement and briefly explain how it works.
(c)
Identify two potential risks of using a cloud‑based storage service for the school photographs and propose one mitigation strategy for each risk.
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Question 6 View Details
A small online retail business recently suffered a security incident. An attacker exploited a SQL injection flaw in the website’s login page, retrieved customers’ personal details and posted part of the data on a public forum. In addition, the business had installed employee‑monitoring software on all workstations without informing staff.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and define the two security/ethical issues presented in the scenario.
(b)
For the SQL injection vulnerability: (i) Outline the typical steps an attacker would take to exploit it. (ii) Propose two technical controls the business should implement to prevent such attacks, and briefly explain how each control works.
(c)
Discuss the ethical implications of installing employee‑monitoring software without consent, referencing at least two relevant ethical principles or professional codes. Suggest one policy the business could adopt to address this concern.
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Question 7 View Details
A small business plans to install a local area network (LAN) to interconnect 12 desktop computers, a network printer and a file server. The following conditions apply: - The maximum permissible length of any single cable segment is 100 m. - Devices will be arranged in a rectangular layout with approximately 8 m between any two adjacent devices. - The network must allow easy addition of up to 5 more devices in the future without major rewiring. - Redundancy is required so that a single cable failure does not disconnect the whole network. Based on these requirements, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Recommend the most suitable network topology for the above scenario and justify your choice with reference to redundancy, cable‑length limitation and future expansion.
(b)
Using the topology you selected in (a), calculate the minimum total length of cable required to connect all devices. Assume each individual link from a device to the central hub is exactly 8 m.
(c)
Compare the maximum number of simultaneous, collision‑free transmissions that can occur in the chosen topology with those possible in a bus topology under the same conditions. Explain the effect on overall network performance.
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Question 8 View Details
A teacher wants to develop a simple program to manage students' test scores. The program must: 1. Read the number of students (N). 2. Read each student's score (0‑100). 3. Compute the class average, the highest score and the lowest score. 4. Display the number of students in each grade category: - A : 70‑100 - B : 60‑69 - C : 50‑59 - D : 45‑49 - F : 0‑44 Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Write a complete Python program that fulfils the four requirements listed above. Use clear variable names and include comments.
(b)
Modify the program in (a) so that if a score entered is outside the range 0‑100 the program displays an error message and repeatedly prompts for that student's score until a valid value is entered. Show the revised code.
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