neco 2017 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A student is required to determine the density of an unknown metal sample using the water displacement method and a digital balance. The procedure is as follows: 1. Measure the mass of the dry metal sample using a digital balance (recorded to the nearest 0.01 g). 2. Fill a graduated cylinder with water and record the initial volume. 3. Gently place the metal sample into the cylinder and record the new volume. 4. Calculate the volume of the metal from the change in water level. 5. Using the mass and volume, calculate the density of the metal. 6. Compare the obtained density with the standard densities in the table below and identify the metal. Standard densities (g cm⁻³): - Aluminium: 2.70 - Iron: 7.87 - Brass: 8.50 - Copper: 8.96 - Zinc: 7.14 The recorded data are: - Mass of metal = 56.20 g - Initial water volume = 120.0 cm³ - Final water volume = 127.0 cm³
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the density of the metal sample (express your answer to two significant figures).
(b)
Identify the most likely metal from the table provided, giving a brief justification.
(c)
State two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one method to minimise each error.
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Question 2 View Details
A student investigates the elastic behaviour of a spring using a force sensor attached to a cart of mass 0.50 kg that moves on a frictionless horizontal track. The spring is fixed at one end, and the cart is attached to the free end. The student records the force exerted by the spring for various extensions as shown in the table. Extension (m) | Force (N) 0.00 | 0.0 0.02 | 1.2 0.04 | 2.4 0.06 | 3.6 0.08 | 4.8 The student is required to: (a) Determine the spring constant (k) from the data. (b) Calculate the work done in stretching the spring from its natural length to an extension of 0.20 m. (c) Explain why the work calculated in part (b) is a scalar quantity even though the force is a vector.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the spring constant (k) using the most appropriate method from the data provided.
(b)
Calculate the work done in stretching the spring from its natural length to an extension of 0.20 m.
(c)
Explain why the work obtained in part (b) is a scalar quantity even though the force applied is a vector.
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Question 3 View Details
A wooden cart of negligible mass is released from rest at the top of a smooth inclined plane that makes an angle of 5° with the horizontal. The distance travelled down the plane and the corresponding time taken are recorded as follows: | Distance (m) | Time (s) | |--------------|----------| | 0.5 | 1.20 | | 1.0 | 1.70 | | 1.5 | 2.10 | | 2.0 | 2.50 | Using the data, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the experimental acceleration of the cart by determining the acceleration for each distance using the relation s = ½ a t² and then taking the average value.
(b)
Determine the theoretical acceleration of the cart down the plane using g = 9.8 m/s².
(c)
Calculate the percentage error of the experimental acceleration relative to the theoretical value.
(d)
State two possible sources of error that could affect the experimental result.
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Question 4 View Details
A 0.50 kg wooden block is used in two separate experiments. Experiment 1 – Inclined plane: The block is placed on a smooth wooden plank that can be tilted. The angle of the plank is slowly increased until the block just begins to slide down. The angle at this instant is recorded as 30°. Experiment 2 – Horizontal pull: The block is placed on a horizontal wooden surface. A spring balance is attached to the block and pulled at a constant speed. The reading on the spring balance when the block moves uniformly is 2.0 N. The block moves a distance of 1.20 m while the reading remains constant. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the coefficient of static friction (μ_s) between the block and the plank using the angle obtained in Experiment 1.
(b)
Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction (μ_k) from the reading of the spring balance in Experiment 2.
(c)
Find the work done by the pulling force during the 1.20 m displacement and state the change in kinetic energy of the block. Explain the apparent discrepancy, if any.
(d)
State two precautions that should be observed to obtain reliable results in these experiments.
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