Practice neco islamic_religious_studies 2017 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A scholar served under the Umayyad Caliphate for 12 years, then immediately joined the Abbasid administration for a period equal to the number of years between the start of the Fatimid Caliphate (\(909\) CE) and the year he left the Abbasid service. If he left the Abbasid service in \(800\) CE, in which year did he begin his service under the Umayyad Caliphate?

A. 667

Correct B. 679

C. 689

D. 678

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

Name the hadith collection compiled by Imam Muslim that is considered the second most authentic after Sahih al‑Bukhari.

A. Jami' al-Tirmidhi

B. Sahih al-Bukhari

C. Sunan Abu Dawood

Correct D. Sahih Muslim

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

Abu Bakr died in \(634\) CE. Exactly \(20\) years later a significant treaty was signed. Based on the reign lengths of the Rightly Guided Caliphs—Abu Bakr (2 years 3 months), Umar (10 years 1 month), Uthman (12 years 5 months), and Ali (5 years 6 months)—which caliph was in power at the time of the treaty?

A. Abu Bakr

B. Ali ibn Abi Talib

C. Umar ibn al‑Khattab

Correct D. Uthman ibn Affan

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

A contemporary issue arises concerning the permissibility of using a newly developed digital payment app for zakat collection. The scholar must determine the ruling based on the hierarchy of Shariah sources. If the Qur'an contains a general injunction to give zakat, the Hadith provides a specific method of collection using gold and silver, and a contemporary ijtihad by a recognized mufti permits digital methods provided the amount is accurately calculated, what is the final ruling according to the hierarchy of sources?

Correct A. Permissible

B. Impermissible

C. Mubah

D. Makruh

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5 View Details

During Ramadan, the Taraweeh prayer consists of \(20\) rakaʿ divided into sets of two rakaʿ each. After every fourth set the Imam leads a short sitting (qiyam), and after each sitting the congregation recites a specific supplication. Additionally, after the final set a concluding sitting with the same supplication is performed. How many times will the congregation recite the supplication during the entire Taraweeh prayer?

Correct A. 3

B. 5

C. 4

D. 2

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

A student memorizes Surah Al‑Fātiḥah (7 verses), Surah Al‑Ikhlāṣ (4 verses) and Surah Al‑Mā‘ūn (7 verses). What is the total number of verses memorized (\(7+4+7\)), and what percentage of this total is represented by Surah Al‑Ikhlāṣ (\(\frac{4}{18}\times 100\)%)? Express the percentage to one decimal place.

Correct A. 22.2

B. 21.1

C. 22.3

D. 24.4

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

A contemporary issue of organ transplantation is being examined. The Qur'an gives no explicit text on the matter, but a hadith conveys the general principle of preserving life. A consensus (ijma) of scholars has declared organ donation permissible, and analogical reasoning (qiyas) supports this on the basis of saving lives. Identify which source holds the highest authority among those cited and state the final ruling on organ transplantation.

A. Disallowed

B. Unlawful

Correct C. Permissible

D. Prohibited

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

A man dies leaving behind a wife, his mother, and two daughters. According to Qur'anic inheritance rules, the wife is entitled to \(\frac{1}{8}\) of the estate (since the deceased has children), the mother to \(\frac{1}{6}\), and the two daughters together to \(\frac{2}{3}\). Determine the exact share of each heir, expressing the daughters' individual shares as fractions in simplest form.

A. Wife: 1\/8; Mother: 1\/4; Each daughter: 5\/12

B. Wife: 1\/8; Mother: 1\/6; Each daughter: 7\/24

Correct C. Wife: 1/8; Mother: 1/6; Each daughter: 17/48

D. Wife: 1\/8; Mother: 1\/6; Each daughter: 5\/12

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

A Muslim country is drafting legislation on the use of artificial‑intelligence (AI) systems that predict criminal behaviour. The law must be consistent with the Shariah principles of justice ("adl"), public welfare (maslaha), and the prohibition of harm (darar). Propose a concise ethical framework that the legislation should adopt, specifying at least two concrete conditions the AI system must satisfy to be deemed permissible under Islamic law, and briefly justify each condition.

A. The AI system must (1) be approved by a simple majority of scholars even if bias exists, and (2) prioritize revenue generation over public welfare, with verification by a commercial audit committee.

B. The AI system must (1) embed Quranic verses directly into its code, and (2) be owned by a Muslim‑run corporation, with validation by a financial regulator rather than a Shariah body.

Correct C. The AI system must (1) be free of bias and fully transparent to satisfy justice (‘adl), and (2) demonstrate a clear public benefit that outweighs any potential harm, meeting the maslaha‑darar test. Both conditions must be verified by an independent Shariah oversight body.

D. The AI system must (1) operate only during prayer times to align with religious observance, and (2) keep all decision logs encrypted without public access, with oversight by a local community council.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

The Hijri calendar began in 622 CE (July). One Hijri year is 354 days, while a Gregorian (solar) year is 365.25 days. An event is recorded as occurring in 10 AH. Approximate the Gregorian year in which the event took place, rounding to the nearest year.

A. 630

B. 631

C. 633

Correct D. 632

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

Identify the Hadith collection that is universally regarded by scholars as the most authentic compilation of the Prophet's sayings and traditions.

A. Jami' al-Tirmidhi

B. Sunan Abu Dawood

C. Sahih Muslim

Correct D. Sahih al-Bukhari

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

A merchant sells a piece of cloth to a buyer for \(N\) 5,000. After delivery the buyer discovers a hidden stain that makes the cloth unusable. The merchant claims the sale was "bay' al‑khata" (sale on condition of inspection) and refuses to refund. According to Islamic commercial law, determine whether the buyer is entitled to a full refund, and state the ruling principle that applies.

Correct A. Yes, the buyer is entitled to a full refund; the ruling is based on the principle of al‑gharar (defect) because the sale was not truly bay' al‑khata

B. No, the buyer must accept the cloth as is; the ruling is based on the principle of al‑gharar (defect) but only permits compensation, not a full refund.

C. Yes, the buyer is entitled to a partial refund; the ruling is based on the principle of al‑bay' al‑khata (inspection) since the defect was discovered after delivery.

D. No, the buyer is not entitled to any refund; the ruling is based on the principle of al‑bay' al‑khata (inspection) because the sale was conditional on buyer's inspection.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

Which Surah of the Qur'an is commonly referred to as "the Heart of the Qur'an" and what is its numerical order in the Qur'an?

A. Surah Al‑Fatiha, 1

Correct B. Surah Yā‑Sīn, 36

C. Surah Al‑Imran, 3

D. Surah Al‑Baqarah, 2

Correct Answer: B

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Question 14 View Details

Two major Islamic dynasties are being compared. Dynasty A introduced a permanent standing army of about 20,000 soldiers, established an extensive postal ("Barid") system, and moved its capital to a city that became a world centre of learning. Dynasty B, on the other hand, relied mainly on tribal levies, had no formal postal network, and its capital remained a desert oasis. Identify Dynasty A and name its capital city.

A. Umayyad Caliphate, Damascus

Correct B. Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad

C. Seljuk Empire, Isfahan

D. Fatimid Caliphate, Cairo

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

Abu Bakr ruled for \(2\) years, Umar for \(10\) years, and Uthman for \(12\) years. Calculate the total number of years from the beginning of Abu Bakr's caliphate to the death of Uthman.

A. 26

Correct B. 24

C. 20

D. 22

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

Four statements are given about Allah: 1. Allah is the sole creator, sustainer and ruler of the universe. 2. Only Allah is worthy of worship. 3. Allah has names and attributes that are unique to Him. 4. Some angels share in the act of worship alongside Allah. Identify which three statements correctly correspond to the three categories of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah). List the numbers of the correct statements.

A. 1, 3, 4

B. 2, 3, 4

C. 1, 2, 4

Correct D. 1, 2, 3

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

Historical records indicate that the Kingdom of Ghana first embraced Islam, the Kingdom of Mali adopted Islam later, and the Songhai Empire embraced Islam after Mali. Let the number of years between Ghana's adoption and Mali's adoption be \(a\) years, and the number of years between Mali's adoption and Songhai's adoption be \(b\) years. It is known that \(a = 2b\) and the total span from Ghana's adoption to Songhai's adoption is 300 years. How many years elapsed between Ghana's adoption and Mali's adoption?

A. 100

B. 250

C. 150

Correct D. 200

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

A learner states the following beliefs: (i) Allah created the universe and sustains all creation. (ii) Other beings besides Allah can create independent worlds. (iii) Only Allah is worthy of worship. Which principle of Tawhid is contradicted by belief (ii)? Provide the name of the principle.

A. Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah

B. Tawhid al-Asma' wa al-Sifat

Correct C. Tawhid al-Rububiyyah

D. Tawhid al-Ibadah

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

A trader purchases a batch of dates for \(\text{₦}48,000\). He marks the selling price 25\% above his cost. A buyer negotiates a 12\% discount on the marked price and also receives a cash rebate of 5\% of the discounted price for early payment. What profit does the trader make on this transaction (in Naira)?

Correct A. 2160

B. 4800

C. 1800

D. 7440

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

An estate valued at \(\text{₦}1,200,000\) is to be distributed according to Islamic inheritance law. The deceased leaves a wife, two sons and three daughters. The wife receives one‑eighth of the estate. The remaining estate is divided among the children so that each son receives twice the share of each daughter. How much does each son receive and how much does each daughter receive (in Naira)?

A. Each son: 350000 Naira; each daughter: 175000 Naira

Correct B. Each son: 300000 Naira; each daughter: 150000 Naira

C. Each son: 300000 Naira; each daughter: 200000 Naira

D. Each son: 250000 Naira; each daughter: 125000 Naira

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

A man promises a mahr of \u20a5 5,000 payable in cash at marriage. After the marriage they agree that he will pay the mahr in three equal annual installments, but each installment is increased by 10% over the previous one due to inflation. What is the amount of the third (final) installment, in Naira, to two decimal places?

A. 1800.00

B. 1700.25

C. 1850.55

Correct D. 1827.43

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

The Prophet Muhammad's mission began in 610 CE, the Hijra occurred in 622 CE, and he died in 632 CE. Assuming the Gregorian (solar) year length of 365.2425 days and the Islamic lunar year length of 354.367 days, how many lunar years did his prophethood last? Give your answer to two decimal places.

Correct A. 22.68

B. 22.45

C. 23.01

D. 21.90

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

The total number of companions who fought in the Battles of Badr and Uhud together was 500. The number who fought at Badr exceeded the number who fought at Uhud by 30. How many companions fought at each battle?

A. Badr: 260, Uhud: 240

B. Badr: 275, Uhud: 225

Correct C. Badr: 265, Uhud: 235

D. Badr: 270, Uhud: 230

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

A deceased leaves an estate of \u20a5 1,200,000. He is survived by a wife, two daughters, and his mother. According to Islamic inheritance law, the wife receives \(\frac{1}{8}\) of the estate, the mother receives \(\frac{1}{6}\), and the remainder is divided equally between the two daughters. How much does each daughter inherit, in Naira?

A. 525000

B. 500000

C. 400000

Correct D. 425000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25 View Details

The combined reigns of the first three Rightly Guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman) lasted a total of 89 years. Abu Bakr reigned for 2 years and 3 months, while Umar reigned for 10 years and 1 month. How long, in years and months, did Uthman's reign last?

A. 76 years 7 months

B. 75 years 9 months

C. 77 years 8 months

Correct D. 76 years 8 months

Correct Answer: D

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