neco 2017 islamic_religious_studies | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Two short Meccan surahs, Al‑Ikhlâs (Surah 112) and Al‑Mulk (Surah 67), are often cited for their distinct theological emphases. Answer the following questions in clear, concise paragraphs.
Question Parts
(a)
State the principal theological theme of Surah Al‑Ikhlâs and of Surah Al‑Mulk.
(b)
Using Ibn Kathîr’s commentary, explain how the concept of Tawhid is interpreted in Surah Al‑Ikhlâs.
(c)
Discuss the relevance of the message of Surah Al‑Mulk for Muslims living in contemporary societies.
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Question 2 View Details
Imam Bukhârî’s Sahih and Imam Abû Dâwûd’s Sunân are two of the most widely studied hadîth collections. Respond to the prompts below.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the main criteria that Imam Bukhârî employed to accept a hadîth as authentic (ṣaḥîḥ).
(b)
Compare the methodological differences between Bukhârî’s and Abû Dâwûd’s approaches to compiling their collections.
(c)
Provide one example of a hadîth from each collection that stresses the importance of honesty, and explain briefly how each hadîth is applied in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).
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Question 3 View Details
Tawhid (Oneness of Allah) is the foundation of Islamic belief. Answer the following questions in detail.
Question Parts
(a)
Define Tawhid al‑Rububiyyah (Oneness of Lordship) and cite two Qur'anic verses that illustrate this concept.
(b)
Explain how belief in Tawhid al‑Rububiyyah influences a Muslim's understanding of destiny (qadar).
(c)
Analyse the spiritual and practical consequences for a believer who denies Tawhid al‑Rububiyyah.
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Question 4 View Details
The Articles of Faith (Iman) constitute the core beliefs of a Muslim. Respond to the following prompts.
Question Parts
(a)
List the six Articles of Faith in Islam.
(b)
For each article, give a concise description (one sentence) of its essential belief.
(c)
Discuss how belief in the angels influences a Muslim's moral conduct, providing two concrete examples of behaviour that stems from this belief.
(d)
Evaluate the relationship between belief in the Day of Judgment and personal accountability, citing a relevant Qur'anic principle.
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Question 5 View Details
Discuss the role of the Pillars of Islam (Ibadah) in shaping the moral and spiritual life of a Muslim.
Question Parts
(a)
List the five pillars of Islam and give a brief definition of each.
(b)
For each pillar, give one practical example of how a Muslim can fulfil it in daily life.
(c)
Explain two spiritual benefits that result from observing the pillars collectively.
(d)
Analyse the possible consequences—both personal and communal—if a Muslim deliberately neglects the pillar of Salah (prayer).
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Question 6 View Details
Examine the development of Islamic law (Shariah) by addressing its sources and the process of legal reasoning.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the primary sources of Shariah and briefly describe the type of evidence each provides.
(b)
Distinguish between the secondary sources of Shariah and illustrate how Qiyas (analogical reasoning) is applied with an example.
(c)
Discuss the role of Ijtihad in the evolution of Shariah and evaluate how differing approaches to Ijtihad have influenced the development of Sunni and Shia legal schools.
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Question 7 View Details
A young couple, Aisha and Bilal, intend to marry. They have consulted their families and wish to ensure that their marriage complies fully with Islamic law. Later, Aisha discovers that Bilal has a serious chronic illness that was not disclosed before the nikah. She wishes to seek khulʿ (divorce initiated by the wife).
Question Parts
(a)
State the essential conditions (shurūṭ) for a valid nikah according to the Qur'an and Sunnah.
(b)
Discuss the principal rights and obligations of a husband and a wife under the Islamic marriage contract.
(c)
Analyse whether Aisha’s request for khulʿ is permissible under Islamic law, and outline the procedural steps that must be observed.
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Question 8 View Details
Consider the following situations in a Muslim community: 1. A theft of public property is reported, and the perpetrator is apprehended. 2. A merchant sells a commodity on credit, charging an interest rate of 15% per annum. 3. A buyer receives goods that are defective and not as described in the contract. Analyze each situation in light of Islamic criminal and commercial law.
Question Parts
(a)
Define hudud, qisas and tazir punishments and give one illustrative example for each category.
(b)
Explain the principle of riba (interest) in Islamic commercial law and why the 15% interest charged by the merchant is prohibited.
(c)
For the buyer who received defective goods, identify the rights of the buyer under Islamic law and the remedies available to enforce those rights.
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