neco 2017 geography | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
A map of the town of Ikot is provided. The map uses a scale of 1 cm : 200 m. The legend shows that a red cross represents a hospital, a blue triangle a school, and a green square a market. The map shows the following points (coordinates are given in centimetres on the map): School (S) at (2, 3), Market (M) at (8, 6), Hospital (H) at (5, 1). A river runs horizontally across the map along the line y = 0.5 cm. A main road connects the school to the market by a straight line.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the symbol that represents the hospital.
(b)
Determine the bearing from the school to the market (to the nearest degree).
(c)
Calculate the straight‑line distance between the school and the market in kilometres.
(d)
Discuss two possible effects of the river on the pattern of settlement in Ikot.
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Question 2 View Details
A map of the region of Umu shows a scale of 1 : 50 000 (i.e., 1 cm on the map equals 0.5 km on the ground). The map displays three towns and a lake as follows (coordinates are in centimetres on the map): Town A at (3, 4), Town B at (9, 9), Town C at (12, 2). The lake is drawn as a circle centred at (7, 5) with a radius of 2 cm. A proposed new road will link Town B directly to Town C.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the real distance between Town A and Town B in kilometres.
(b)
If a vehicle travels from Town A to Town B at an average speed of 60 km/h, estimate the travel time in minutes.
(c)
Determine the actual surface area of the lake in square kilometres (use π ≈ 3.14).
(d)
Discuss two geographical factors that should be considered before constructing the proposed road from Town B to Town C.
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Question 3 View Details
Town A is located at latitude 5°N and longitude 7°E. Town B lies due east of Town A along the same parallel and the distance between the two towns measured along the parallel is 560 km. The mean radius of the Earth is taken as 6371 km. Town C is situated at latitude 5°N and longitude 10°E. Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the longitude of Town B (express your answer to the nearest 0.1°E).
(b)
State the initial bearing that must be taken from Town B to reach Town C.
(c)
Briefly discuss why the knowledge of meridians (lines of longitude) is important for determining time zones in Nigeria.
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Question 4 View Details
A weather station recorded the following maximum daily temperatures (°C) and relative humidities (%) for a consecutive seven‑day period. The wind speed was steady at 2 m·s⁻¹ throughout the week. | Day | Tmax (°C) | RH (%) | |-----|----------|--------| | 1 | 32 | 70 | | 2 | 34 | 65 | | 3 | 31 | 80 | | 4 | 35 | 60 | | 5 | 33 | 75 | | 6 | 30 | 85 | | 7 | 36 | 55 | The heat‑index (HI) for each day may be approximated by the formula: HI = T + 0.33·RH – 0.70·V – 4.00, where T is the maximum temperature (°C), RH is the relative humidity (%), and V is the wind speed (m·s⁻¹). Answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average maximum temperature and the average relative humidity for the week. Give your answers to one decimal place.
(b)
Using the heat‑index formula, compute the heat‑index for each day and state which day experienced the highest heat‑index.
(c)
Explain how relative humidity influences the perceived temperature (heat‑index) and why this is important for public health during the hot season.
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Question 5 View Details
Nigeria experiences a wide range of climatic conditions from the arid north to the humid south. The variation is influenced by several physical factors and is reflected in the distribution of climate types across the country.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and explain the major physical factors that cause the spatial variation of climate within Nigeria.
(b)
Classify the climate of the northern, central and southern regions of Nigeria according to the Köppen system and justify each classification with reference to typical temperature and rainfall data.
(c)
Discuss two major impacts of climate change that are likely to affect agricultural productivity in Nigeria and suggest one practical adaptation measure for each impact.
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Question 6 View Details
Rocks constitute the basic material of the Earth's crust and are distributed unevenly across Nigeria. Different geological zones expose distinct rock types that influence land use, soil development and natural resources.
Question Parts
(a)
Distinguish between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks by describing (i) their origin, (ii) typical mineral composition, and (iii) one common example of each that occurs in Nigeria.
(b)
The Jos Plateau is dominated by Precambrian igneous rocks, whereas the Niger Delta basin consists mainly of sedimentary rocks. Explain how the dominant weathering and erosion processes differ between these two regions and discuss the implications for soil formation.
(c)
A construction project requires a durable building stone. Based on the rock cycle and the properties of rocks, recommend the most suitable type of rock from the Nigerian context, justify your choice, and outline two key considerations that must be addressed during its extraction and use.
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Question 7 View Details
A topographic map of a plateau region in Nigeria shows two prominent hills, Hill X and Hill Y. The contour interval on the map is 20 m. The summit of Hill X is at 460 m above sea level and the summit of Hill Y is at 340 m above sea level. The straight‑line distance between the two summits is 6 km. A river originates at the foot of Hill X and flows to the foot of Hill Y, following a meandering course whose length is 8 km. The vertical drop of the river from its source to its mouth is 120 m. The average rate of vertical erosion by the river is estimated at 0.5 mm per year.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average gradient (in %) of the straight line joining the summits of Hill X and Hill Y.
(b)
Calculate the average gradient (in %) of the river course from its source to its mouth.
(c)
Using the gradients obtained in parts (a) and (b), discuss which of the two landforms – the ridge joining the hills or the river valley – is more susceptible to weathering and erosion, giving at least two reasons for each landform.
(d)
Estimate the number of years required for the river to erode a vertical depth of 30 m, assuming the erosion rate remains constant at 0.5 mm per year.
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Question 8 View Details
A small catchment in the Niger Delta covers an area of 25 km². The basin is underlain by impermeable clay. Land‑use distribution is 60 % cultivated land, 30 % forest and 10 % urban. The average annual rainfall is 1500 mm. Runoff coefficients are 0.35 for cultivated land, 0.15 for forest, and 0.70 for urban areas. Assume the rainfall is uniformly distributed throughout the year.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the effective runoff coefficient for the whole catchment.
(b)
Estimate the average annual runoff volume (in cubic metres) from the catchment.
(c)
If a dam is to be constructed to store 20 % of the annual runoff, calculate the required storage capacity in million cubic metres (MCM).
(d)
Discuss two potential impacts—one positive and one negative—of constructing the dam on the drainage system and the surrounding communities.
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