neco 2017 data_processing | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
A school conducted a survey of 120 students to find out their preferred mode of transport to school. The results are summarised below: \begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text{Mode of Transport} & \text{Number of Students} \\ \hline Walking & 38 \\ Bicycle & 22 \\ Bus & 45 \\ Car & 15 \\ \hline \end{array} Using this information, answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Define the terms *data* and *information* in the context of this survey.
(b)
State three essential steps in the data‑processing cycle and give a brief description of each.
(c)
Calculate the percentage of students who use each mode of transport. Show your working.
(d)
From the percentages obtained, identify the most popular mode of transport and suggest one implication for the school’s transport planning.
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Question 2 View Details
The ages (in years) of 25 employees in a company are recorded as follows: 22, 25, 27, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 62. Using this data, answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Construct a grouped frequency distribution with class intervals of width 5 years, starting at 20 years (i.e., 20–24, 25–29, …, 60–64). Present the table showing class limits, frequency and cumulative frequency.
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Question 3 View Details
A secondary school computer club maintains a database of its members. The club records new members, updates attendance, and generates monthly reports. The following description outlines how the club currently handles its data: - New members are entered into a spreadsheet manually. - Attendance for each session is taken on paper and later summed. - The summed attendance figures are entered into the spreadsheet at the end of the week. - At the end of each month the club officer runs a macro that extracts the data and prints a report. Using this scenario, answer the questions that follow.
Question Parts
(a)
List the standard stages of the data processing cycle and briefly describe the purpose of each stage as it applies to the club.
(b)
Identify the stage(s) of the cycle where the current practice of recording attendance on paper and later entering totals into the computer is likely to cause errors or inefficiencies. Explain why.
(c)
Propose a revised procedure that integrates attendance recording directly into the computer system. Indicate which stage(s) of the cycle are affected and how the change improves data quality and speed.
(d)
The club wishes to ensure that the monthly report includes only members who attended at least 75 % of the sessions. Outline the logical steps (using the data processing cycle) that must be performed to produce this filtered report.
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Question 4 View Details
A small business sells handmade crafts online. Its computer stores information about products, customers, and sales transactions. The current file system is described as follows: - All files are kept in a single folder called "ShopData" on the desktop. - Product details are saved in a plain‑text file named "products.txt". - Customer records are stored in a Microsoft Access database file "customers.accdb". - Photographs of each product are saved as JPEG images (e.g., "item01.jpg"). - Sales transactions are recorded in a spreadsheet "sales.xlsx". Answer the questions that follow.
Question Parts
(a)
Classify each of the following as a text file, a binary file, or a database file: (i) product catalogue stored as a .txt file, (ii) sales transactions stored in a Microsoft Access database, (iii) product images stored as .jpg files.
(b)
The business currently keeps all files in the single folder "ShopData". Discuss two disadvantages of this file‑organization method.
(c)
Recommend an appropriate hierarchical folder structure for the business. Specify at least three levels of folders and indicate the type of files that should be stored in each. Justify how this structure supports efficient file retrieval and backup.
(d)
Explain the difference between sequential file organization and indexed file organization. Indicate which would be more suitable for storing the sales‑transaction file and why.
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Question 5 View Details
TechGear Ltd maintains a relational database to record its product inventory and sales transactions. The database stores information about products, customers, orders and the items contained in each order.
Question Parts
(a)
List the relational schema for the entities Product, Customer, Order and OrderItem. For each table indicate the primary key and any foreign keys.
(b)
For the OrderItem table, determine the highest normal form it satisfies and justify your answer.
(c)
Write an SQL query to list the names of customers who purchased more than three distinct products in the last month (assume the current date is 30 June 2023). Show the query and briefly explain the logic used.
(d)
The database is frequently searched for products by their Category attribute. Explain how creating an index on the Category field of the Product table would affect query performance and discuss any possible trade‑offs.
(e)
A sales transaction involves inserting a new Order record and the related OrderItem records. Discuss how the ACID properties ensure the reliability of this transaction. Mention at least two of the properties in your answer.
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Question 6 View Details
A pedestrian crossing is controlled by a digital traffic‑light system. The system has two binary inputs: S (sensor) which is 1 when a pedestrian is waiting, and T (timer) which is 1 when the minimum green‑light interval for vehicles has elapsed. The output W (Walk) should be 1 only when it is safe to allow pedestrians to cross.
Question Parts
(a)
The required behaviour is given by the truth table below. Write the Boolean expression for W in Sum‑of‑Products (SOP) form. | S | T | W | |---|---|---| | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | 1 |
(b)
Simplify the expression obtained in part (a) using a Karnaugh map. Show the K‑map and the resulting minimized SOP expression.
(c)
Implement the minimized expression using only NAND gates. Describe the connections of the NAND gates required to realise W.
(d)
Identify any potential static‑1 hazard that could appear in the NAND‑gate implementation and suggest a modification to eliminate it.
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Question 7 View Details
A secondary school in Lagos has recently introduced a new computer network that allows students and staff to access the internet and share files. Shortly after the launch, the school administrator discovered that a large number of personal files from staff members had been accessed without authorization, and some confidential student records were altered. An investigation revealed that the breach occurred because a staff member used a weak password and the network lacked proper encryption for file transfers.
Question Parts
(a)
List and explain three ethical issues that arise from the breach described above.
(b)
Recommend three technical security measures that could have prevented the breach. For each measure, briefly describe how it works.
(c)
The school intends to adopt a password policy requiring passwords to be at least 12 characters, include uppercase, lowercase, digits, and symbols, and to be changed every 90 days. Discuss two potential advantages and two possible drawbacks of this policy in the school context.
(d)
Under the Nigerian Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention and Punishment) Act 2015, what legal consequences could the staff member responsible for the weak password face? Provide a concise explanation.
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Question 8 View Details
ICT has become integral to everyday life in Nigeria. Consider the following three sectors: (i) education, (ii) healthcare, and (iii) agriculture. In each sector, ICT tools such as e‑learning platforms, telemedicine services, and mobile market information systems are being used.
Question Parts
(a)
For each sector, identify one specific ICT application and explain how it improves service delivery. (i) education, (ii) healthcare, (iii) agriculture.
(b)
Discuss two challenges that limit the effective adoption of ICT in rural communities across these sectors.
(c)
Propose a coordinated government initiative that could address the challenges identified in part (b). Outline the main components of the initiative and how they would be implemented.
(d)
Evaluate the potential socioeconomic impact of widespread ICT adoption in the three sectors over the next ten years. Provide at least two positive outcomes and one possible negative consequence.
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