igcse model questions vol1 2025 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A student measures the length of a metal rod using a metre rule that has a zero error of +2 mm (the rule reads 2 mm too long). Three successive readings are recorded: 0.452 m, 0.453 m and 0.451 m. The student takes the average of the three readings as the measured length. A calibrated steel gauge later shows that the true length of the rod is 0.447 m.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average of the three recorded readings.
(b)
Correct the average length for the zero error of the metre rule.
(c)
Determine the percentage error of the corrected length with respect to the true length of 0.447 m.
(d)
Suggest two practical ways to reduce the measurement error in future experiments.
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Question 2 View Details
A student uses a force table to find the resultant of two forces acting at a point. Force F₁ has a magnitude of 6.0 N and is directed 30° north of east. Force F₂ has a magnitude of 8.0 N and is directed 120° anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis (east). After aligning the forces on the table, the student reads the magnitude of the resultant as 10.0 N.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve each force into its horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components.
(b)
Using the components, calculate the theoretical resultant magnitude and its direction measured anticlockwise from east.
(c)
Compare the theoretical resultant with the observed 10.0 N. Calculate the percentage difference between the two magnitudes.
(d)
Identify one possible source of error in the experiment and suggest a method to minimise it.
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Question 3 View Details
A ticker timer (frequency 50 Hz) is used to study the free fall of a steel ball. The timer marks a dot every 0.02 s on a strip of paper. The ball passes a series of equally spaced vertical flags that are 0.02 m apart, leaving a dot each time it passes a flag. The following distances fallen by the ball after each tick are recorded: | Time (s) | Distance fallen (m) | |----------|----------------------| | 0.02 | 0.0015 | | 0.04 | 0.0060 | | 0.06 | 0.0135 | | 0.08 | 0.0240 | | 0.10 | 0.0365 | Using this data, answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe how you would set up the experiment, including the apparatus required and the method of obtaining the data shown in the table.
(b)
Calculate the average speed of the ball between 0.04 s and 0.06 s.
(c)
Assuming the ball started from rest, use the speeds at 0.04 s and 0.06 s to determine the acceleration of the ball.
(d)
Compare the experimental acceleration obtained in (c) with the theoretical value of g = 9.8 m s⁻². List two possible sources of error that could account for the difference.
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Question 4 View Details
A spring is attached to a stand and a series of masses are hung from it. The following data are recorded: | Mass (kg) | Extension (m) | |-----------|----------------| | 0.10 | 0.025 | | 0.20 | 0.050 | | 0.30 | 0.075 | | 0.40 | 0.100 | | 0.50 | 0.125 | The acceleration due to gravity may be taken as 9.8 m s⁻². Answer the questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Using the data, determine the spring constant k. Show how you obtain it from the table.
(b)
Using the value of k found in (a), calculate the force required to stretch the spring by 0.15 m.
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