igcse model questions vol1 2023 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
In the school laboratory you are to determine the density of an irregular solid metal object using the water‑displacement method. A 250 mL graduated cylinder and a balance (accuracy 0.01 g) are provided. The procedure is: 1. Measure the mass of the dry object. 2. Fill the cylinder with water and record the initial volume. 3. Gently lower the object into the water and record the final volume. 4. Note the water temperature (20 °C) and use the density of water at this temperature as 0.9982 g cm⁻³. The data obtained are: - Mass of object = 125.6 g - Initial water volume = 100.0 mL - Final water volume = 118.4 mL
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the volume of the object in cm³.
(b)
Calculate the density of the object in g cm⁻³ (use the volume from part a).
(c)
The accepted density of copper is 8.96 g cm⁻³. Calculate the percentage error of your result.
(d)
List two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one way to minimise each.
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Question 2 View Details
In the physics laboratory you are to determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of two forces using a force table. The table has a central ring to which two force bars (A and B) are attached by strings over frictionless pulleys. Each string carries a hanging mass whose weight provides the force. Angles are measured from the horizontal, anticlockwise. The balance used to measure the masses has an accuracy of 0.01 g. The acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.8 m s⁻². The recorded data are: - Force A: mass = 200.0 g, angle = 30° - Force B: mass = 300.0 g, angle = 120°
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the magnitude of each force in newtons.
(b)
Resolve each force into horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components and, using vector addition, determine the magnitude and direction (angle measured from the horizontal) of the resultant force.
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Question 3 View Details
A student is investigating the motion of a cart moving down a smooth inclined plane using a motion sensor connected to a data logger.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe how to set up the experiment so that the motion sensor records the cart’s position as a function of time.
(b)
The student records the following data for the first 0.60 s after release: Time (s): 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 Position (m): 0.00, 0.06, 0.22, 0.50, 0.88 Using these data, calculate the average speed of the cart over the interval 0.00 s to 0.60 s.
(c)
Assuming the motion is uniformly accelerated, use the data to determine the acceleration of the cart. Show the method you use (for example, using s = ut + ½at²) and give the numerical value of a.
(d)
The inclined plane is 1.20 m long and makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Using the acceleration found in (c), calculate the component of the gravitational acceleration acting along the plane and compare it with the theoretical value g sin θ (take g = 9.8 m s⁻²). Comment on any discrepancy.
(e)
List two possible sources of systematic error in this experiment and suggest how each could be minimised.
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Question 4 View Details
A student uses a spring balance to investigate the relationship between force and extension for a spring and then determines the coefficient of static friction for a wooden block on a horizontal surface using the same spring.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain how to calibrate the spring balance using known masses before measuring extensions.
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