Practice igcse model questions vol1 english_language 2023 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

Read the passage and fill each blank with the most appropriate single word. The rapid growth of cities has led to a sharp increase in \(\text{___(1)___}\), putting pressure on local water supplies. Many residents now rely on \(\text{___(2)___}\) water, which often contains harmful contaminants. To combat this, governments have introduced \(\text{___(3)___}\) that encourage the use of rainwater harvesting and water‑saving appliances. However, public awareness remains \(\text{___(4)___}\), and without community participation the measures are unlikely to succeed.

A. overcrowding; bottled; penalties; minimal

Correct B. pollution; untreated; incentives; limited

C. congestion; filtered; subsidies; widespread

D. runoff; recycled; grants; abundant

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

Some people believe that school uniforms should be mandatory in secondary schools. Others think they should be optional. Write an essay arguing for one side, providing at least three relevant reasons, and ending with a clear conclusion.

A. I believe that school uniforms should be optional. Firstly, allowing students to choose their attire encourages personal expression and individuality. Secondly, purchasing uniforms can be an additional financial burden for families, especially those with multiple children. Thirdly, there is little evidence that uniforms improve academic performance. In conclusion, schools should give pupils the freedom to decide what to wear rather than imposing a compulsory uniform policy.

B. I argue that mandatory school uniforms are unnecessary. Firstly, uniforms do not demonstrably enhance discipline or reduce bullying. Secondly, they suppress students' creativity and self‑identity. Thirdly, the cost of supplying uniforms can strain low‑income families. In conclusion, schools should focus on other measures to improve the learning environment and should not enforce a uniform requirement.

C. I contend that compulsory school uniforms are detrimental. Firstly, many students find uniforms uncomfortable and restrictive. Secondly, uniforms fail to address the root causes of inequality and do not improve educational outcomes. Thirdly, resources spent on uniform programs could be better allocated to teaching resources. In conclusion, schools should abandon mandatory uniform policies and prioritize academic support instead.

Correct D. I firmly believe that school uniforms should be compulsory. Firstly, uniforms eliminate visible socioeconomic differences, fostering a sense of equality among pupils. Secondly, they reduce the time students spend deciding what to wear, allowing greater focus on learning. Thirdly, a uniform policy enhances school security by making it easier to identify outsiders. In conclusion, mandatory uniforms promote fairness, concentration, and safety, and therefore should be adopted by all secondary schools.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3 View Details

You are the president of the student council. Write a formal letter to the school principal requesting an extension of library opening hours during the upcoming examination period. Your letter must: - Refer to the council meeting held on 5 September. - State the current library hours and propose the new hours. - Explain at least two benefits of the extension for students. - Politely request the principal's approval. - Use a respectful tone and keep the letter between 150 and 200 words.

A. Student Council President Greenfield Secondary School 12 October 2023 The Headteacher Mr. Adewale Johnson Greenfield Secondary School Dear Sir, Following the student council meeting on 5 September, I write to request an extension of the school library's opening hours during the forthcoming examination period. At present the library operates from 08:00 to 15:00 on weekdays. We propose extending the hours to 07:00-17:00, allowing students additional evening study time. The extended hours would provide two key benefits: first, they would enable pupils who have after‑school commitments to access quiet study space; second, they would reduce overcrowding during the limited current hours, improving the learning environment. We respectfully ask for your approval of this proposal and your assistance in informing staff of the new schedule. Your support would greatly enhance our students' preparation for the exams. Yours faithfully, [Signature] Aisha Bello President, Student Council

B. Student Council President Greenfield Secondary School 13 October 2023 The Headteacher Mr. Adewale Johnson Greenfield Secondary School Dear Sir, Following the student council meeting on 5 September, I write to request an extension of the school library's opening hours during the forthcoming examination period. At present the library operates from 08:00 to 15:00 on weekdays. We propose extending the hours to 08:00-18:00, allowing students additional evening study time. The extended hours would provide two key benefits: first, they would enable pupils who have after‑school commitments to access quiet study space; second, they would reduce overcrowding during the limited current hours, improving the learning environment. We respectfully ask for your approval of this proposal and your assistance in informing staff of the new schedule. Your support would greatly enhance our students' preparation for the exams. Yours faithfully, [Signature] Aisha Bello President, Student Council

Correct C. Student Council President Greenfield Secondary School 12 October 2023 The Headteacher Mr. Adewale Johnson Greenfield Secondary School Dear Sir, Following the student council meeting on 5 September, I write to request an extension of the school library's opening hours during the forthcoming examination period. At present the library operates from 08:00 to 15:00 on weekdays. We propose extending the hours to 08:00-19:00, allowing students additional evening study time. The extended hours would provide two key benefits: first, they would enable pupils who have after‑school commitments to access quiet study space; second, they would reduce overcrowding during the limited current hours, improving the learning environment. We respectfully ask for your approval of this proposal and your assistance in informing staff of the new schedule. Your support would greatly enhance our students' preparation for the exams. Yours faithfully, [Signature] Aisha Bello President, Student Council

D. Student Council President Greenfield Secondary School 12 October 2023 The Headteacher Mr. Adewale Johnson Greenfield Secondary School Dear Sir, Following the student council meeting on 6 September, I write to request an extension of the school library's opening hours during the forthcoming examination period. At present the library operates from 09:00 to 16:00 on weekdays. We propose extending the hours to 09:00-20:00, allowing students additional evening study time. The extended hours would provide two key benefits: first, they would enable pupils who have after‑school commitments to access quiet study space; second, they would reduce overcrowding during the limited current hours, improving the learning environment. We respectfully ask for your approval of this proposal and your assistance in informing staff of the new schedule. Your support would greatly enhance our students' preparation for the exams. Yours faithfully, [Signature] Aisha Bello President, Student Council

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

Write an expository piece of about 200 words explaining how social media influences teenage communication. Your writing should: - Define social media. - Discuss at least one positive and one negative effect on how teenagers interact. - Provide a concrete example for each effect. - Conclude with a brief summary of the overall impact.

A. Social media refers to online video‑game platforms such as Fortnite, Minecraft and Roblox that enable users to compete, share scores and interact with digital avatars. One major positive influence on teenage communication is the improvement of strategic thinking during multiplayer sessions. For instance, a group of friends coordinating a raid in Fortnite learns to assign roles quickly, fostering teamwork. Conversely, a negative impact is the increase in aggressive behaviour caused by constant exposure to competitive gameplay; a teenager who loses a match may vent frustration on peers, leading to hostile online exchanges. In summary, while social media through gaming enhances collaborative problem‑solving, it also encourages aggression that can spill over into real‑world interactions.

B. Social media refers to internet‑based platforms such as Instagram, TikTok and WhatsApp that enable users to create, share and interact with digital content. One major positive influence on teenage communication is the enhancement of artistic creativity. For example, a teenager posting original sketches on Instagram receives feedback that refines their style and encourages visual expression. Conversely, a negative impact is the reduction of academic focus; many students spend hours scrolling through feeds, which can lead to lower grades and decreased study time. In summary, while social media nurtures creative talents, it also distracts teenagers from their educational responsibilities, requiring careful time management.

Correct C. Social media refers to internet‑based platforms such as Instagram, TikTok and WhatsApp that enable users to create, share and interact with digital content. One major positive influence on teenage communication is the ability to maintain instant contact with peers, regardless of distance. For instance, a group chat on WhatsApp allows students to collaborate on homework assignments in real time, fostering teamwork and quick problem‑solving. Conversely, a negative impact is the erosion of face‑to‑face conversational skills. Many teenagers now rely on emojis and short messages, which can lead to misunderstandings; a simple "👍" may be interpreted as agreement when the sender intended sarcasm. This reduced practice of verbal nuance can affect confidence in oral presentations. In summary, while social media enhances connectivity and collaborative learning among teenagers, it also poses challenges to the development of nuanced interpersonal communication, requiring a balanced approach to its use.

D. Social media refers to internet‑based platforms such as Instagram, TikTok and WhatsApp that enable users to create, share and interact with digital content. It has no significant effect on teenage communication because most teenagers prefer face‑to‑face interaction. Positive effects are negligible, and negative effects are limited to occasional distractions. For example, a teenager might occasionally check a notification during a conversation, but this does not alter overall communication skills. In summary, social media plays a minimal role in teenage communication, and its impact can be considered insignificant.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

For each of the following words, give one suitable synonym and one suitable antonym. Choose words that fit the usual context of the term. 1. abundant 2. fragile 3. diligent 4. obscure 5. generous

A. 1. copious / meager 2. fragile / strong 3. assiduous / idle 4. murky / clear 5. magnanimous / parsimonious

B. 1. ample / rare 2. frail / robust 3. meticulous / slothful 4. vague / prominent 5. benevolent / miserly

C. 1. bountiful / limited 2. breakable / resilient 3. careful / careless 4. hidden / known 5. giving / selfish

Correct D. 1. plentiful / scarce 2. delicate / sturdy 3. industrious / lazy 4. unknown / famous 5. charitable / stingy

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

Write a 180‑200 word narrative from the point of view of a teenage volunteer who discovers a hidden garden in the school grounds. The story must begin with the line "I never believed the old oak could keep secrets" and must end with the volunteer deciding to keep the garden a secret. Include a vivid description of one plant and show a change in the narrator's attitude.

A. I never believed the old oak could keep secrets. While cleaning the school grounds I brushed past the twisted roots, thinking they were just old debris. One rainy afternoon I slipped behind a wall of vines and stumbled into a small clearing. The space was dim, and a lone brown‑stemmed plant with dull leaves stood in the center, its petals drooping. The air was stale, and I felt uneasy rather than calm. My skepticism grew stronger, and I decided to tell the teachers about the hidden spot so they could turn it into a school project.

Correct B. I never believed the old oak could keep secrets. When I was assigned to tidy the school grounds, I brushed aside the gnarled roots as just another obstacle. But one afternoon, while clearing fallen leaves, I slipped behind a tangled thicket and found a narrow doorway framed by moss‑covered stones. Inside, a hidden garden unfolded, bathed in dappled sunlight. A lone silver‑leafed fern curled its fronds like delicate fingers, each leaf shimmering with a faint, metallic sheen that seemed to pulse with quiet life. The air smelled of earth and wild lavender, and for the first time I felt a calm I had never known in the bustling corridors of the school. My earlier scepticism melted away; the garden felt like a secret refuge, a place where nature whispered its own stories. I promised myself that this hidden haven would remain just between me and the old oak, a secret I would protect forever.

C. I never believed the old oak could keep secrets. Assigned to tidy the courtyard, I ignored the tangled roots until a gust of wind pushed me toward a hidden gate. Inside, the garden was overgrown, with a single wilted rose bush that smelled faintly of decay. The atmosphere was heavy, and I felt a lingering dread. My earlier curiosity faded, and I resolved to avoid the place altogether, leaving it untouched and unspoken.

D. I never believed the old oak could keep secrets. During my volunteer shift I brushed aside the gnarly roots and discovered a narrow passage leading to a quiet courtyard. A lone golden‑leafed lily floated on a small pond, its petals glistening in the sun. The scent was sweet, and a sense of peace washed over me, but my attitude remained unchanged; I felt the garden was just another part of the school grounds and thought nothing of it.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

In the sentence "The committee postponed the meeting because the chairman was ill", identify the part of speech of the underlined word postponed and rewrite the sentence using a synonym for postponed without changing the meaning.

A. Postponed is an adjective. Rewritten sentence: "The committee postponed the meeting because the chairman was ill."

Correct B. Postponed is a verb (past tense). Rewritten sentence: "The committee delayed the meeting because the chairman was ill."

C. Postponed is an adverb. Rewritten sentence: "The committee put off the meeting because the chairman was ill."

D. Postponed is a noun (past participle). Rewritten sentence: "The committee postponed the meeting because the chairman was ill."

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8 View Details

You are asked to give a 2‑minute presentation to a group of new students about the benefits of joining the school's debate club. Outline the three main points you would include, and suggest an appropriate opening sentence to capture the audience's interest.

A. Opening sentence: "Imagine turning a simple chat into a chance to win applause and fame." Three main points: 1. The debate club teaches techniques for cheating on examinations. 2. It guarantees you will never need to write essays again. 3. Membership includes a guaranteed job placement after graduation.

B. Opening sentence: "What if every class discussion could earn you a trophy and a scholarship?" Three main points: 1. The club offers free one‑on‑one tutoring in mathematics for all members. 2. Participation eliminates the requirement to complete homework assignments. 3. Joining ensures automatic admission to any university of your choice.

Correct C. Opening sentence: "Imagine turning every classroom discussion into a chance to win applause and sharpen your mind." Three main points: 1. The debate club hones critical thinking and research abilities, teaching you to analyse arguments and evidence. 2. Regular practice builds confidence in public speaking, helping you express ideas clearly and persuasively. 3. Participation can lead to awards, scholarships and impressive entries on university applications, opening doors to future opportunities.

D. Opening sentence: "Picture yourself debating on stage, earning applause and boosting your confidence." Three main points: 1. The debate club guarantees higher exam scores by memorising past arguments. 2. Regular meetings replace the need for any other extracurricular activities. 3. Membership automatically provides free meals and transportation to all school events.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

You have received a complaint letter from a parent who says that the school's cafeteria food has become increasingly unhealthy. Write a formal letter to the parent, acknowledging the concern, explaining the steps the school is taking to improve the menu, and inviting the parent to a meeting to discuss further suggestions. The letter should be between 150 and 180 words.

A. Headteacher's Office Greenfield Secondary School 123 Maple Avenue Lagos, Nigeria 20 October 2026 Mrs. Adeola Johnson 45 Palm Road Lagos, Nigeria Dear Mrs. Johnson, We have received your concerns about the cafeteria meals. To address this, the school will increase the number of fried snacks and sugary drinks because they are popular among students. We believe this will improve satisfaction. We would like to invite you to a brief meeting on 30 October at 3 pm to discuss further. Yours faithfully, Mr. Emeka Okafor Headteacher Greenfield Secondary School

Correct B. Headteacher's Office Greenfield Secondary School 123 Maple Avenue Lagos, Nigeria 15 October 2026 Mr. Adewale Oladipo 12 Oak Street Lagos, Nigeria Dear Mr. Oladipo, Thank you for writing to us about your concerns regarding the nutritional quality of the meals served in our cafeteria. We share your commitment to providing healthy food for our students and appreciate your feedback. In response, the school has commissioned a qualified nutritionist to review our current menu. Starting next month we will increase the proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables, replace sugary drinks with water and natural juices, and introduce a weekly "Healthy Choice" lunch that meets the national dietary guidelines. We are also training kitchen staff in healthier cooking methods. We would welcome the opportunity to discuss these initiatives further and hear any additional suggestions you may have. Could you attend a meeting on either 22 or 24 October at 4 pm? Please let us know which date suits you best. Yours sincerely, Mrs. Fatima Yusuf Headteacher Greenfield Secondary School

C. Headteacher's Office Greenfield Secondary School 123 Maple Avenue Lagos, Nigeria 15 October 2026 Mr. Adewale Oladipo 12 Oak Street Lagos, Nigeria Dear Mr. Oladipo, We appreciate your feedback regarding the cafeteria. To address the issue, we will reduce portion sizes and replace fresh fruits with canned fruit snacks to cut costs. Additionally, we will limit the availability of water and increase the number of sugary beverages. We would be happy to discuss these changes at a meeting on 22 October at 4 pm. Yours sincerely, Mrs. Fatima Yusuf Headteacher Greenfield Secondary School

D. Headteacher's Office Greenfield Secondary School 123 Maple Avenue Lagos, Nigeria 15 October 2026 Mr. Adewale Oladipo 12 Oak Street Lagos, Nigeria Dear Mr. Oladipo, Thank you for your letter. At this time the school has no plans to change the menu. The current meals meet the basic nutritional standards and we will continue to serve them as they are. If you have any other concerns, feel free to email us. Sincerely, Mrs. Fatima Yusuf Headteacher Greenfield Secondary School

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. "Dr. Lamine had spent years chasing a cure for the wilt that was destroying the village's staple crop. Each failed experiment left him more exhausted, yet he never abandoned the lab. One rainy evening, a wilt‑free seed sprouted in a petri dish, its tiny leaves unfurling against the gloom. Dr. Lamine smiled, not because the work was easy, but because the setback had taught him a patience he had never known." What can be inferred about Dr. Lamine's attitude towards failure?

A. He treats failure as an irrelevant setback that does not affect his work, indicating indifference rather than learning.

B. He interprets failure as evidence of his incompetence, leading him to feel discouraged instead of gaining patience.

C. He sees failure as a discouraging defeat that should be avoided, showing he is demotivated rather than patient.

Correct D. He regards failure as a valuable learning experience that builds patience, rather than as a discouraging defeat.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

Read the following excerpt from a debate on school uniforms: "Uniforms eliminate the pressure to wear the latest fashions, which in turn reduces bullying. Moreover, they save families money because they no longer need to buy expensive brand‑name clothes each term." Identify the speaker's main claim in this excerpt, and state the type of logical fallacy, if any, present in the second sentence.

A. main claim: uniforms eliminate bullying; fallacy: hasty generalization

B. main claim: uniforms save money; fallacy: slippery slope

C. main claim: uniforms improve academic performance; fallacy: appeal to tradition

Correct D. main claim: uniforms reduce bullying; fallacy: false cause

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

In the sentence "The ancient manuscript was **enigmatic**, leaving scholars puzzled about its true meaning," give a synonym and an antonym for the highlighted word as it is used here.

A. synonym: obscure; antonym: simple

Correct B. synonym: mysterious; antonym: clear

C. synonym: cryptic; antonym: transparent

D. synonym: puzzling; antonym: obvious

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

A student wishes to write a formal letter of complaint to the school principal about a broken air‑conditioning system in the classroom. What is the correct formal salutation to begin the letter?

Correct A. Dear Sir or Madam,

B. Respected Sir or Madam,

C. To Whom It May Concern,

D. Dear Principal,

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14 View Details

In the sentence "She **swiftly** completed the assignment before the deadline," identify the part of speech of the highlighted word.

Correct A. adverb

B. noun

C. adjective

D. verb

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

Rewrite the following sentence correctly: "The group of students are planning a trip."

Correct A. The group of students is planning a trip.

B. The group of students was planning a trip.

C. The group of students will planning a trip.

D. The group of students are planning a trip.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

Some people argue that school uniforms should be mandatory because they eliminate peer pressure and improve discipline. A recent survey showed that 60% of students felt less pressure to wear fashionable clothes when uniforms were introduced. Based on this, formulate the most persuasive counter‑argument that a debater could use, focusing on a different aspect not addressed by the original claim.

A. While uniforms may reduce pressure to wear fashionable clothes, they also raise the overall cost of schooling, placing an unfair financial burden on low‑income families.

B. Even if uniforms cut down on peer pressure, they may limit parental involvement in choosing appropriate attire, reducing family engagement in education.

Correct C. While uniforms may reduce pressure to wear fashionable clothes, they do not address the underlying issue of individuality; a more persuasive counter‑argument is that mandatory uniforms suppress students' freedom of expression, which is essential for personal development.

D. Although uniforms lessen the focus on fashion, they can diminish school spirit and community identity, which are important for student morale.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

Identify the correct form of the verb in the sentence: "If she ___ (to go) to the market, she will buy fresh vegetables."

Correct A. goes

B. went

C. going

D. go

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

In the sentence "After the scandal, the politician tried to turn a new leaf," which idiom is used and what does it mean?

Correct A. turn a new leaf - to start behaving in a better way

B. turn a new leaf - to change one's clothing style

C. turn a new leaf - to move to a new house

D. turn a new leaf - to begin a new chapter in a book

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

You are the class representative and must write a report on the recent school library renovation. The report must include (i) a summary of the changes, (ii) an evaluation of the impact on students, and (iii) a recommendation for further improvement. Draft the single most appropriate recommendation paragraph, ensuring it follows the conventions of a formal report.

Correct A. It is recommended that the library extend its opening hours to 8 am-10 pm on weekdays and 9 am-4 pm on weekends, and that a dedicated quiet study area be created with comfortable seating and adequate lighting. These measures will maximise the use of the new facilities, accommodate students who study after school, and further enhance the library's role as a centre for independent learning.

B. It is recommended that the library keep current opening hours but replace all existing furniture with standing desks, and introduce a digital checkout system only. These measures will modernise the space, though they ignore the need for extended hours.

C. It is recommended that the library install a coffee shop and vending machines, and extend opening hours to 7 am-11 pm on weekdays, without adding a quiet study area. This will generate revenue and attract more visitors, though it may distract from study.

D. It is recommended that the library reduce its opening hours to 9 am-5 pm on weekdays and close on weekends, and that the existing seating be rearranged to create more space for group work. These changes will lower operational costs, though they may limit after‑school access.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20 View Details

Explain why renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development, using at least two reasons and linking them with appropriate connective words.

A. Renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development because they generate large amounts of waste, thereby stimulating recycling industries, and because they rely on rare earth minerals, ensuring strategic resource control; consequently, they help meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

B. Renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development because they lower electricity prices, thereby increasing consumer spending, and because they require minimal initial investment, ensuring rapid deployment; consequently, they help meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

C. Renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development because they increase the frequency of power outages, thereby encouraging energy conservation, and because they depend on seasonal weather patterns, guaranteeing predictable energy supply; consequently, they help meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

Correct D. Renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development because they reduce greenhouse‑gas emissions, thereby mitigating climate change, and because they provide a virtually inexhaustible supply of power, ensuring long‑term energy security; consequently, they help meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

You have been asked to write a persuasive speech to convince senior students at your school to support the formation of a new environmental club. Which single rhetorical device would most effectively achieve this purpose, considering the audience's likely concern for their future and the school's reputation?

A. A logical syllogism

Correct B. An appeal to shared values

C. A direct command

D. An appeal to emotion

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

Transcribe the word "photograph" into its broad IPA representation and state which phonological process is illustrated by the change of the vowel sound in the second syllable compared with its citation form.

A. \/ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf\/; consonant assimilation

B. \/ˈfɪtəɡrɑːf\/; stress shift

Correct C. /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/; vowel reduction

D. \/ˈfɒtəɡræf\/; vowel lengthening

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

Complete the sentence with the most appropriate word or phrase: "Despite the heavy rain, the marathon runners ___ their pace, showing remarkable determination."

Correct A. maintained

B. slowed

C. abandoned

D. accelerated

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

Explain why the stress shifts from the first syllable in the noun "record" to the second syllable in the verb "record". Include the relevant phonological principle in your answer.

A. Because English uses morphological marking: adding the suffix -ed shifts the stress to the second syllable (\\/rɪˈkɔːd\\/).

B. Because English applies stress‑placement rules: nouns are stressed on the final syllable (\\/reˈkɔːd\\/) while the verb receives initial‑syllable stress (\\/ˈrɪkɔːd\\/).

Correct C. Because English uses stress‑position alternation: nouns take initial‑syllable stress (/ˈrekɔːd/) while the verb form shifts stress to the second syllable (/rɪˈkɔːd/).

D. Because English follows vowel‑length alternation: the noun has a long vowel in the first syllable (\\/ˈrekɔːd\\/) and the verb shortens it (\\/rɪˈkɔːd\\/).

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

In a descriptive writing task, you are asked to depict a bustling market at dusk. Which of the following adjectives would most vividly convey the visual atmosphere? A) tranquil B) luminous C) chaotic D) desolate

A. chaotic

B. desolate

C. tranquil

Correct D. luminous

Correct Answer: D

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igcse model questions vol1 2023 english_language | Objective

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