igcse model questions vol1 2023 english_language | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Read the passage below. "The market awoke before dawn, its stalls already a riot of colour. Bright orange mangoes lay beside glossy, deep‑green cucumbers, while the scent of freshly baked akara mingled with the sharp tang of sliced ginger. Vendors shouted their offers in a rhythmic chant, each phrase rising and falling like the tide. Between the stalls, narrow alleys twisted like veins, guiding shoppers from one fragrant corner to the next. By midday the sun blazed overhead, turning the canvas roofs into shimmering mirrors that reflected the bustling crowd." Analyse how the writer uses lexis and structure to create a vivid picture of the market. In your answer, refer to at least three specific examples of word choice and two structural features.
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Question 2 View Details
The following three sentences contain grammatical errors. Rewrite each sentence so that it is grammatically correct and uses appropriate register for a formal report. 1. "The committee have decided to postpone the meeting till next week because many members were not available." 2. "If you will finish the experiment early, you can submit the results tomorrow." 3. "There is many reasons why the project failed, such as lack of funding and poor planning." Additionally, transform the direct‑speech sentence below into reported speech, maintaining the same level of formality. "The supervisor said, ‘You must submit the draft by Friday.’"
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Question 3 View Details
Read the following extract taken from a speech delivered at a community meeting: "The recent surge in urban migration has precipitated a myriad of challenges for municipal authorities. Overcrowded housing, strained public utilities, and the erosion of communal cohesion are but a few of the repercussions. Nonetheless, with judicious planning and inclusive policies, these adversities can be mitigated, fostering sustainable development for all residents." Based on the extract, answer the sub‑questions below.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify five words or phrases from the extract that are likely to be unfamiliar to a secondary‑school student. For each, provide: i. a clear definition in your own words; ii. an original sentence (not taken from the extract) that demonstrates the word’s meaning.
(b)
Explain how a good understanding of the five selected words enhances the overall comprehension of the extract.
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Question 4 View Details
Complete the following paragraph by filling each blank with the most appropriate word from the bank provided. After completing the paragraph, answer the subsequent sub‑questions. Word bank: [despite, consequently, whereas, nonetheless, abundant] "The coastal town has long relied on fishing as its primary source of income. In recent years, the fish population has declined, _______ the community has sought alternative livelihoods. Tourism has grown, offering new opportunities; however, the seasonal nature of visitors means that income is _______. The town’s cultural heritage remains _______, attracting scholars and tourists alike. _______ the challenges, the residents continue to adapt, _______ preserving their identity."
Question Parts
(a)
Write the completed paragraph, inserting the correct word from the bank into each blank.
(b)
For each word you have chosen, give a brief justification (one sentence) explaining why it is the most suitable choice for that particular blank.
(c)
Summarise the main idea of the paragraph in no more than 40 words, using your own phrasing.
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Question 5 View Details
Read the following passage carefully. "The rapid expansion of urban areas has placed unprecedented pressure on natural habitats. To preserve biodiversity, governments must implement policies that protect endangered species and restore degraded ecosystems. When habitats deteriorate, the delicate balance of flora and fauna is disrupted, leading to a cascade of ecological consequences. Effective conservation efforts are therefore significant for maintaining the health of our planet and ensuring resources for future generations." Answer the questions that follow, giving clear explanations for each of your choices.
Question Parts
(a)
In line 3, the author uses the word **preserve**. Provide a suitable synonym for this word in the given context and explain why it is appropriate.
(b)
In line 4, the word **deteriorate** is used. State an antonym that fits the context and justify your choice.
(c)
Rewrite the sentence in line 5 using a synonym for **significant** without altering its meaning.
(d)
Select any two other words from the passage (excluding the ones already used). For each selected word, give ONE synonym and ONE antonym, and briefly comment on how the nuance of meaning changes with each replacement.
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