igcse model questions vol1 2022 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A student is to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. The length of the pendulum string is measured with a metre rule and recorded as 0.500 m (to the nearest millimetre). The student uses a stopwatch to time 20 complete oscillations on three separate trials and obtains the following times: - Trial 1: 28.3 s - Trial 2: 28.5 s - Trial 3: 28.4 s Using the data provided, the student must: a) Calculate the average period of one oscillation. b) Calculate the experimental value of g using the formula \(T = 2\pi\sqrt{L/g}\). c) Determine the percentage difference between the experimental value and the accepted value of 9.81 m s⁻². d) List two possible sources of error that could affect the result.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average period of one oscillation.
(b)
Calculate the experimental value of g.
(c)
Determine the percentage difference between the experimental value and the accepted value of 9.81 m s⁻².
(d)
List two possible sources of error that could affect the result.
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Question 2 View Details
In a force‑table experiment a student applies two known forces and measures the resultant. The data recorded are: - Force A: 25 N acting along the positive x‑axis. - Force B: 35 N acting at 45° to the positive x‑axis (measured with a protractor). - Measured resultant (Force R): 55 N acting at 20° to the positive x‑axis (read from a third spring balance and a protractor). Using the data, the student must: a) Resolve forces A and B into their horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components. b) Calculate the theoretical magnitude of the resultant force. c) Calculate the theoretical direction (angle to the positive x‑axis) of the resultant. d) Determine the percentage difference between the theoretical magnitude and the measured magnitude of the resultant. e) Suggest two reasons why the measured magnitude and direction might differ from the theoretical values.
Question Parts
(a)
Resolve forces A and B into their horizontal and vertical components.
(b)
Calculate the theoretical magnitude of the resultant force.
(c)
Calculate the theoretical direction (angle to the positive x‑axis) of the resultant.
(d)
Determine the percentage difference between the theoretical magnitude and the measured magnitude of the resultant.
(e)
Suggest two reasons why the measured magnitude and direction might differ from the theoretical values.
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Question 3 View Details
A student uses a ticker timer and a strip of ticker paper to investigate the motion of a cart moving down a smooth inclined plane. The ticker timer marks at a frequency of 50 Hz. The cart starts from rest at the top of the incline.
Question Parts
(a)
The distance between the 10th and 30th ticker marks is measured as 0.48 m. Calculate the average speed of the cart between these two marks.
(b)
Assuming the motion is uniformly accelerated, determine the acceleration of the cart using the data from part (a).
(c)
The experiment is repeated on a steeper incline and the distance between the 10th and 30th marks is now 0.78 m. Calculate the new acceleration and explain why it differs from the first result.
(d)
List two possible sources of systematic error in this experiment and suggest a method to minimise each.
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Question 4 View Details
A student investigates the relationship between the extension of a spring and the load applied. The spring is hung vertically from a fixed support. The following data are recorded:
Question Parts
(a)
Complete the table by calculating the force (N) for each mass (use g = 9.8 m s⁻²).
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