Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2021 Biology Question 4

Practice essay / theory question 4 from the 2021 Igcse Model Questions Vol1 Biology examination. This question covers respiration, human anatomy, gas exchange .

Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2021 Biology Essay / Theory
Topics: respiration human anatomy gas exchange
Question 4 IGCSE_MODEL_QUESTIONS_VOL1 • 2021 • BIOLOGY • essay

The labelled diagram shows the main structures of the human respiratory system.

Question Parts

( a )
Describe the complete pathway that air follows from the external environment to the alveoli, naming each structure it passes through.
( b )
Explain how the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles cooperate during inhalation and how they behave during normal (quiet) exhalation.
( c )
The partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) in alveolar air is 0.16 atm and in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries it is 0.13 atm. Using these values, explain the direction of diffusion of oxygen and why this diffusion is essential for cellular respiration.
( d )
A person suffers a blockage in the right main bronchus. Discuss two physiological consequences of this condition on gas exchange.
( e )
Tidal volume and minute ventilation:
( ) Define tidal volume.
( ) If a person’s tidal volume is 500 mL and they breathe 12 times per minute, calculate the minute ventilation. Show your working.

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About This Question

This is Igcse Model Questions Vol1 2021 Biology Question 4. It is one of the essay questions from the 2021 Igcse Model Questions Vol1 Biology examination.

The question covers respiration, human anatomy, gas exchange .

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