igcse model questions vol1 2020 physics | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A student is required to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum. The length of the pendulum string is measured with a metre rule as 100.0 cm. The student times 10 complete oscillations on three separate trials and records the total times shown in the table below. | Trial | Time for 10 oscillations (s) | |-------|------------------------------| | 1 | 20.15 | | 2 | 20.05 | | 3 | 20.10 | Using this data, the student must calculate the average period, determine g, express the result to two significant figures, calculate the percentage error and comment on the experiment.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the period of one oscillation for each trial and then find the average period (T̅).
(b)
Using the average period, calculate the value of g. (Use T = 2π√(L/g) and rearrange for g.)
(c)
Express the value of g to two significant figures and calculate the percentage error relative to the accepted value 9.81 m s⁻².
(d)
State two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one way to reduce each.
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Question 2 View Details
A force table is used to investigate the addition of two forces. The table is set up as follows: - Force F₁ = 5.0 N is applied along the horizontal (0° from the positive x‑axis). - Force F₂ = 3.0 N is applied at an angle of 60° measured anticlockwise from the positive x‑axis. The student must determine the resultant force both graphically and analytically.
Question Parts
(a)
Draw a labelled vector diagram showing F₁, F₂ and the resultant R.
(b)
Resolve each force into horizontal (x) and vertical (y) components.
(c)
Using the components, calculate the magnitude and direction (θ measured from the horizontal) of the resultant R.
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Question 3 View Details
A student investigates the motion of a toy car down a smooth inclined plane using a ticker timer that marks at 0.02 s intervals. The car starts from rest at the top of the plane. The distance between successive dots is measured with a ruler. The data for the first six intervals are recorded in the table below. | Interval (n) | Distance between successive dots (cm) | |--------------|---------------------------------------| | 1 | 1.2 | | 2 | 2.0 | | 3 | 3.0 | | 4 | 4.2 | | 5 | 5.6 | | 6 | 7.2 | Using this data, answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average speed of the car during each 0.02 s interval for the first six intervals. Show the calculation for interval 3 as an example.
(b)
Describe the shape of the distance‑time graph that would be obtained from the data and explain what this shape indicates about the car’s motion.
(c)
Using the speeds obtained in part (a), estimate the acceleration of the car. State clearly the method you use.
(d)
Identify two possible sources of error in this experiment and suggest one way to minimise each.
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Question 4 View Details
A student uses a spring balance to measure the force required to pull a 200 g mass up an inclined plane. The plane can be set at angles of 15°, 30° and 45° to the horizontal. The mass is attached to a string that runs parallel to the plane. The readings of the spring balance for each angle are given in the table. | Angle (°) | Spring‑balance reading (N) | |-----------|----------------------------| | 15 | 0.70 | | 30 | 1.10 | | 45 | 1.70 | Assume g = 9.8 m s⁻². Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the component of the weight of the mass acting down the plane for each angle. (i) Show the formula and perform the calculation for the 30° case.
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