Practice gce model questions vol1 civic_education 2025 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A driver is travelling at $70\ \text{km/h}$ and approaches a "Give Way" sign that is $120\ \text{m}$ away. Assuming a perception‑reaction time of $1.5\ \text{s}$ and a maximum deceleration of $5\ \text{m/s}^2$, can the driver bring the vehicle to a complete stop before the sign? Show your calculations.

Correct A. Yes, the driver can bring the vehicle to a complete stop before the sign.

B. No, the driver will need to continue at reduced speed and will not stop before the sign.

C. Yes, the driver can stop, but only if the road surface provides a friction coefficient of 0.9.

D. No, the driver cannot bring the vehicle to a complete stop before the sign.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details

The Ministry of Health reports the following number of drug‑related hospital admissions: 2020 - 1,200; 2021 - 1,380; 2022 - 1,560; 2023 - 1,800; 2024 - 2,100. Assuming a linear trend, estimate the number of admissions for 2025. Then, based on this projected increase, suggest one preventive measure that directly addresses the main cause of the rise.

A. 2,250 admissions; recommended measure: increase law‑enforcement patrols around nightlife districts.

Correct B. 2,325 admissions; recommended measure: implement comprehensive school‑based drug awareness programmes targeting youths.

C. 2,400 admissions; recommended measure: expand the number of inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

D. 2,100 admissions; recommended measure: launch nationwide mass‑media anti‑drug campaigns.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

A student is found in possession of a pamphlet that contains instructions on how to join a secret cult and encourages violent acts. Under the Nigerian Cultist and Terrorism (Prohibition) Act, what is the appropriate charge and the maximum penalty that can be imposed?

A. Charge: membership in a prohibited cult; Maximum penalty: up to 7 years imprisonment.

Correct B. Charge: possession of cult propaganda; Maximum penalty: up to 5 years imprisonment.

C. Charge: distribution of cult propaganda; Maximum penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment.

D. Charge: incitement to terrorism; Maximum penalty: up to 10 years imprisonment.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4 View Details

Identify one core value emphasized in civic education and give a concrete example of how a citizen can demonstrate this value in daily life.

A. Patriotism - e.g., refusing to vote in elections.

Correct B. Honesty - e.g., returning a lost wallet to its owner.

C. Responsibility - e.g., ignoring traffic signals while driving.

D. Respect - e.g., shouting loudly in a public library.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

Voter turnout in the 2020 general election was $58\%$. In the 2023 election it rose to $64\%$. Calculate (a) the increase in percentage points, and (b) the relative percentage increase in turnout. Based on these figures, comment on whether democratic participation has improved.

Correct A. (a) 6 percentage points; (b) approximately 10.3 %; democratic participation has improved.

B. (a) 6 percentage points; (b) approximately 12.0 %; democratic participation has improved.

C. (a) 5 percentage points; (b) approximately 8.6 %; democratic participation has improved.

D. (a) 7 percentage points; (b) approximately 12.5 %; democratic participation has not improved.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6 View Details

A bicameral parliament consists of House A with 180 members and House B with 120 members, totalling 300 members. To amend the constitution, the bill must obtain a two‑thirds majority of the total members and also a simple majority in each house. What is the minimum total number of affirmative votes required, and what are the minimum numbers of affirmative votes that must be obtained in House A and in House B respectively?

A. 200 total votes, with at least 92 from House A and at least 60 from House B

B. 200 total votes, with at least 90 from House A and at least 61 from House B

Correct C. 200 total votes, with at least 91 from House A and at least 61 from House B

D. 199 total votes, with at least 91 from House A and at least 61 from House B

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

A proposed law is evaluated against four core criteria of the rule of law. The criteria and their respective weights are: (1) publicly known - 30 %, (2) prospective - 20 %, (3) applied equally - 30 %, (4) enforced by an independent judiciary - 20 %. The law satisfies criteria 1 and 4 fully, fails criterion 2, and satisfies criterion 3 only partially (worth 50 % of its weight). If a compliance score of at least 70 % is required for the law to be considered consistent with the rule of law, does the law meet the requirement? Show the calculation.

A. No; the compliance score is 70 % which is equal to the 70 % threshold

B. No; the compliance score is 68 % which is below the 70 % threshold

Correct C. No; the compliance score is 65 % which is below the 70 % threshold

D. Yes; the compliance score is 70 % which meets the threshold

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

Two legal systems, X and Y, are compared on three dimensions that reflect the rule of law. Their performance data are: - Average case duration (days): X = 180, Y = 120. - Number of appeals per 1 000 cases: X = 5, Y = 8. - Corruption Perception Index (CPI, lower is better): X = 30, Y = 45. The dimensions are weighted as follows: speed 40 %, fairness 30 % (fewer appeals is better), and integrity 30 % (lower CPI is better). For each dimension, the system with the better raw value receives a score of 100, the other receives 0, and scores are then multiplied by the weight. Which system attains the higher overall weighted score?

A. Both systems

B. System Y

Correct C. System X

D. Neither system

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

In the last three national elections, voter turnout percentages were 58 % in Election 1, 62 % in Election 2, and 65 % in Election 3. The government's target is a relative increase of at least 2 % in turnout from one election to the next. Calculate the relative increase for each successive pair of elections, find the average relative increase, and state whether the target has been met.

Correct A. Yes; the average relative increase is about 5.9 %, which exceeds the 2 % target

B. No; the average relative increase is about 1.8 %, which falls short of the target

C. Yes; the average relative increase is about 2.1 %, which barely meets the target

D. No; the average relative increase is about 3.2 %, which does not exceed the 2 % target

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

A country recognises five major languages with the following proportions of speakers: Language A = 35 %, Language B = 25 %, Language C = 15 %, Language D = 10 %, Language E = 8 %. The remaining languages together account for 7 % of the population. What is the smallest number of these five major languages that together are spoken by at least 80 % of the population?

A. 2

Correct B. 4

C. 5

D. 3

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11 View Details

The national election is scheduled for 15 May 2025. Voter registration must be completed at least 30 days before the election date. If a citizen registers on 20 April 2025, is the citizen eligible to vote? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. Possibly

B. Yes

Correct C. No

D. Maybe

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

In a recent election, there were $12\,000\,000$ eligible voters. Voter turnout was $55\%$. Of those who voted, $60\%$ supported Party A, $30\%$ supported Party B and the remainder supported other parties. After the count, $2\%$ of the votes cast for Party B were declared invalid. How many valid votes did Party B receive?

A. 2019600

B. 3528000

Correct C. 1940400

D. 1848000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13 View Details

A parliament has $100$ seats. Under a first‑past‑the‑post system Party X won $30$ constituency seats, Party Y won $35$ and Party Z won $20$. Under a mixed‑member proportional (MMP) system the parties received the following shares of the total vote: Party X $42\%$, Party Y $38\%$, Party Z $20\%$. Seats are allocated proportionally according to vote share, and any remaining seats are filled from party lists so that each party's total number of seats equals its proportional entitlement. How many list seats does Party Y receive under the MMP system?

A. 4

B. 5

C. 2

Correct D. 3

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

A longitudinal study followed two groups of adolescents over five years. Group N consisted of $2\,000$ adolescents who had never used drugs; $5\%$ of them became dependent on a drug within five years. Group E consisted of $800$ adolescents who had experimented with a drug (used it once); $20\%$ of them became dependent within five years. A new prevention programme is introduced that (i) reduces the number of adolescents who experiment with drugs by $30\%$ and (ii) reduces the dependency rate among experimental users by $15\%$ relative to the original rate. Assuming the programme does not affect the never‑users, what is the expected reduction in the total number of dependent adolescents after five years as a result of the programme? Give your answer to one decimal place.

A. 70.5

B. 58.2

Correct C. 64.8

D. 64.0

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

In a peace negotiation three parties—A, B and C—each require at least two mediators they trust. There are five professional mediators $M_1$-$M_5$ with the following trust relationships: - Party A trusts $M_1, M_2, M_3$; - Party B trusts $M_2, M_3, M_4$; - Party C trusts $M_3, M_4, M_5$. The mediation committee must select a set of mediators such that each party has at least two trusted mediators in the selected set. What is the minimum number of mediators that must be selected, and give one possible set of mediators that achieves this minimum?

A. 2 mediators; for example {M2, M3}

B. 3 mediators; for example {M1, M2, M5}

C. 4 mediators; for example {M1, M2, M3, M4}

Correct D. 3 mediators; for example {M2, M3, M4}

Correct Answer: D

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Question 16 View Details

In a university, (12\%\) of students are members of a cult. Before a new anti‑cult programme, the probability that a cult member is caught is 0.40 and the probability that a non‑member is mistakenly caught is 0.05. After the programme, the detection probabilities change to 0.25 for a cult member and 0.10 for a non‑member. If a randomly selected student is caught after the programme, what is the probability that the student is a cult member? Express your answer as a reduced fraction.

A. 15/58

B. 16/59

Correct C. 15/59

D. 12/59

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17 View Details

In 2020, $8\%$ of the population reported a violation of the right to free speech. A new law reduced the reporting rate to $5\%$ and the total population grew by $3\%$ per year for the next two years. What is the reduction, expressed in percentage points of the original population, in the number of people reporting the violation from 2020 to the end of 2022? Round your answer to two decimal places.

A. 3.00

Correct B. 2.70

C. 2.75

D. 2.50

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18 View Details

A country's Corruption Perception Index (CPI) rose from 35 to 45 over five years. Empirical research shows that each 10‑point increase in CPI raises foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows by 12% of the previous year's inflow, compounded annually. If the FDI inflow at the start of the period was \$2.5 billion, what is the expected FDI inflow at the end of the fifth year? Give your answer in billions of dollars, rounded to three decimal places.

A. 2.950

B. 2.750

Correct C. 2.815

D. 3.010

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19 View Details

Before a national‑identity campaign, $62\%$ of respondents could correctly name the national anthem, $55\%$ could identify the national flag, and $48\%$ could name the national emblem. After the campaign, these percentages increased by $15\%$, $20\%$ and $25\%$ of their original values respectively, and a follow‑up survey found that $30\%$ of respondents could correctly identify all three symbols. Assuming the three abilities were independent before the campaign, what is the increase, in percentage points, in the proportion of respondents who could correctly identify all three symbols from before to after the campaign? Round to two decimal places.

A. 14.20

Correct B. 13.63

C. 15.00

D. 12.45

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20 View Details

A public procurement process consists of four sequential stages. The probability that a corrupt official intervenes at each stage is initially $0.08, 0.12, 0.07,$ and $0.05$ respectively. A new anti‑corruption measure reduces each intervention probability by 30% of its original value and introduces an independent oversight mechanism that detects and stops corruption with probability $0.02$ at each stage. What is the overall probability that the procurement process is completed without any successful corrupt intervention after the measures are applied? Express your answer as a percentage rounded to two decimal places.

A. 78.45

B. 77.90

C. 81.20

Correct D. 79.83

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

Which action most directly demonstrates the value of respect for diversity? (i) Organising a cultural festival where each group presents its traditions, (ii) Enforcing a uniform dress code for all participants, (iii) Assigning the same role to every participant regardless of skill, (iv) Restricting discussion to a single language.

A. Restricting discussion to a single language

B. Enforcing a uniform dress code for all participants

C. Assigning the same role to every participant regardless of skill

Correct D. Organising a cultural festival where each group presents its traditions

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

A secondary school student was expelled for organising a peaceful protest against the school's policy on uniform colour. Identify (a) the specific human right that has been infringed, (b) the article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that protects this right, and (c) the most appropriate remedy under Nigerian law.

A. Freedom of religion; Article 18 of the UDHR; Transfer to another school without penalty

B. Freedom of assembly; Article 20 of the UDHR; Compensation through a civil lawsuit

C. Right to education; Article 26 of the UDHR; Apology from school administration

Correct D. Freedom of expression; Article 19 of the UDHR; Reinstatement through the school's appeal process or judicial review

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23 View Details

In a town of $12{,}000$ eligible voters, $7{,}200$ voted in the last election. Of those voters, $60\%$ also took part in the annual clean‑up day. How many citizens fulfilled both the voting and community‑service responsibilities?

A. 4800

Correct B. 4320

C. 5040

D. 3600

Correct Answer: B

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Question 24 View Details

The national budget for the fiscal year is $1.2$ billion Naira. $15\%$ of the budget is allocated to health. Of the health allocation, $10\%$ is earmarked for primary‑care services. What amount, in Naira, is allocated to primary‑care services?

A. 12000000

B. 1800000

C. 24000000

Correct D. 18000000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25 View Details

The number of reported corruption cases fell from 480 in 2019 to 312 in 2022. The government's target was a reduction of at least $35\%$ over the same period. In 2021, the Anti‑Corruption Agency successfully prosecuted 45 cases; it claims a $20\%$ increase in prosecutions in 2022. (a) Did the reduction meet the target? (b) How many cases were successfully prosecuted in 2022?

A. No; 54

B. Yes; 45

Correct C. Yes; 54

D. No; 60

Correct Answer: C

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