gce model questions vol1 2023 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Governance structures shape the political life of a nation. Answer the following.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the term “government” in the context of political science.
(b)
Distinguish between the concepts of “state” and “government”, giving one example to illustrate each distinction.
(c)
Explain how the principle of separation of powers contributes to the stability of a democratic system.
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Question 2 View Details
Political participation is essential for a functioning democracy. Answer the following.
Question Parts
(a)
List and briefly describe four formal mechanisms through which citizens can participate in the political process in Nigeria.
(b)
Discuss two informal forms of political participation and evaluate their impact on policy making.
(c)
Youth participation in elections has been declining. Using relevant data (e.g., voter‑turnout percentages), analyse two major reasons for this trend and suggest two measures the government could adopt to encourage greater youth involvement.
() Analyse two major reasons for the decline in youth voter turnout.
() Suggest two measures the government could adopt to increase youth participation.
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Question 3 View Details
Since the return to civilian rule in 1999, Nigeria has operated under a written constitution that outlines the structure of government and the rights of citizens. Using this context, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Explain how the principle of constitutional supremacy limits the exercise of power by the executive, legislature and judiciary.
(b)
Evaluate the effectiveness of two specific constitutional provisions – (i) the separation of powers, and (ii) the guarantee of fundamental human rights – in promoting democratic governance in Nigeria.
(c)
Suggest two reforms that could strengthen the constitution’s role in safeguarding democracy and justify how each reform would address identified weaknesses.
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Question 4 View Details
Recent elections in Nigeria have been marked by high voter turnout in some states but persistent voter apathy in others, despite extensive voter education campaigns by civil society organisations. Discuss the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the core principles of a democratic system and explain why each is essential for the legitimacy of government.
(b)
Analyse the impact of voter education programmes on electoral participation, citing at least two ways in which they can improve or fail to improve voter turnout.
(c)
Identify and evaluate two major challenges that Nigeria faces in deepening its democratic practice, and propose realistic measures to overcome each challenge.
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Question 5 View Details
The federal government has introduced the Public Assembly Regulation Act (PARA) which requires any public gathering of more than 20 persons to obtain a permit from the Ministry of Interior at least 30 days before the event. The Act also gives the Ministry discretion to refuse a permit if the gathering is deemed to threaten public order, without providing a detailed justification. Critics argue that PARA undermines fundamental freedoms. Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Define the rule of law and list its essential features as recognised in democratic constitutional systems.
(b)
Using the scenario, analyse whether the Public Assembly Regulation Act complies with each of the features you listed in part (a). Provide a reasoned judgment for each feature.
(c)
Suggest two specific amendments to the Act that would bring it into closer conformity with the rule of law.
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Question 6 View Details
The President of the Republic issued an executive order directing the Ministry of Finance to allocate ₦150 million from the national development fund to a new infrastructure project without first obtaining approval from the National Assembly. The order also instructs the Ministry to bypass the usual competitive bidding process. Answer the following questions:
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the doctrine of separation of powers and identify the three branches of government together with their primary constitutional functions.
(b)
Assess whether the executive order described above respects the principle of separation of powers. Refer explicitly to the constitutional powers of each branch in your evaluation.
(c)
Propose two institutional mechanisms that could prevent similar executive over‑reach in the future.
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Question 7 View Details
The Nigerian Constitution provides for a bicameral National Assembly consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Discuss the role of the Legislature in the Nigerian political system.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the constitutional functions of the National Assembly.
(b)
Evaluate how effectively the National Assembly performs its oversight function over the Executive, citing at least two mechanisms.
(c)
Analyse the challenges faced by the Legislature in passing legislation and suggest two reforms that could enhance its legislative efficiency.
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Question 8 View Details
The Executive branch in Nigeria is headed by the President and includes the Federal Executive Council. Critically assess the extent to which the Executive in Nigeria can be considered both a unifying and a divisive force in the country's governance.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the constitutional powers and responsibilities of the President and the Federal Executive Council.
(b)
Discuss two ways in which the Executive has acted as a unifying force in national development.
(c)
Examine two ways in which the Executive has contributed to political or ethnic division.
(d)
Based on your analysis, propose two measures that could enhance the unifying role of the Executive while mitigating its divisive tendencies.
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Question 9 View Details
The judiciary is a cornerstone of democratic governance. In the context of Nigeria, analyse the role of the judiciary in upholding constitutionalism and the rule of law.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of separation of powers and describe how the judiciary contributes to maintaining this principle in Nigeria.
(b)
Analyse two landmark Supreme Court decisions that illustrate the exercise of judicial review in Nigeria, outlining the constitutional issues involved and the impact of the rulings.
(c)
Discuss two major challenges confronting the Nigerian judiciary today and propose realistic reforms to address each challenge.
(d)
Evaluate how judicial independence influences democratic consolidation in Nigeria, citing both positive and negative aspects.
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Question 10 View Details
Political parties are essential actors in Nigeria’s democratic system. Critically examine their evolution, functions and challenges, and suggest ways to strengthen internal democracy within parties.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the historical development of political parties in Nigeria from independence to the present, highlighting key turning points.
(b)
Analyse the constitutional and legal functions of political parties in Nigeria, explaining how they contribute to democratic governance.
(c)
Identify and discuss two major challenges that Nigerian political parties face in practising internal democracy.
(d)
Propose two concrete measures that could improve internal democracy within Nigerian political parties, justifying how each measure would address the challenges identified in part (c).
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