Practice gce model questions vol1 civic_education 2023 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

In 2023, Nigeria recorded 12,000 new citizens. Of these, \(60\%\) acquired nationality by registration, \(25\%\) by naturalisation, and the remainder by birth. The number of citizens who acquired nationality by birth in 2023 is \(20\%\) higher than the number of citizens who acquired nationality by naturalisation in 2022. How many citizens acquired nationality by naturalisation in 2022?

Correct A. 1500

B. 1800

C. 2000

D. 1200

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2 View Details

A local council has three responsibilities: waste management, road maintenance and public health. The council allocates its annual budget of \(\text{₦}48\) million among these responsibilities in the ratio \(3:4:5\). Due to an unexpected flood, the amount allocated to public health must be increased by \(10\%\) of the original total budget, and the increase is funded by reducing the allocation for waste management proportionally. What is the new allocation for waste management (in million naira)?

Correct A. 7.2

B. 7.5

C. 8.0

D. 6.8

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

A survey of 1,200 secondary‑school students found that \(18\%\) had tried cannabis, \(12\%\) had tried inhalants, and \(5\%\) had tried both.\n\n(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected student who has tried cannabis has also tried inhalants?\n\n(b) The Ministry plans a programme that will reduce the proportion of students who have tried cannabis by \(25\%\) of its current value, while the proportion who have tried inhalants remains unchanged. Assuming the overlap (students who tried both) is reduced by the same percentage, what will be the new overall percentage of students who have tried either cannabis or inhalants (or both) after the programme?

A. 24.00

B. 20.25

Correct C. 21.75

D. 18.00

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

In a community dispute, three groups \(A\), \(B\) and \(C\) must reach a peace agreement. The facilitator follows a protocol: each meeting can involve any two groups, and after a meeting the participating groups each gain a trust score of 2 points, while the non‑participating group loses 1 point. Initially, all groups have a trust score of 5. The agreement can be signed only when every group's trust score is at least 8. What is the minimum number of meetings required to achieve the agreement, and give one sequence of pairings that attains this minimum?

A. 2 meetings; sequence AB, AC

Correct B. 3 meetings; sequence AB, AC, BC

C. 3 meetings; sequence AB, AB, BC

D. 4 meetings; sequence AB, AB, AC

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

In a federal system, the national legislature has 200 members: 150 are elected directly by the public, 30 are appointed by the President, and 20 are reserved seats for traditional rulers appointed by the Council of Chiefs. A bill requires a simple majority of the total members present to pass. If all elected members are present, but only half of the appointed members (both presidential and traditional) attend, what is the minimum number of votes in favour needed for the bill to pass?

A. 87

B. 89

Correct C. 88

D. 101

Correct Answer: C

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Question 6 View Details

A school sets aside \(10\%\) of its scholarship fund for administration before distributing the remainder equally among 5 students. If the original fund is \(\text{₦}150{,}000\), how much does each student receive?

A. 30000

B. 15000

Correct C. 27000

D. 22500

Correct Answer: C

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Question 7 View Details

In Country X, to be eligible to vote a person must be at least 18 years old and have been resident for at least 2 years. Consider three citizens: (i) Ada, 19 years old, resident 3 years; (ii) Bayo, 17 years old, resident 4 years; (iii) Chidi, 20 years old, resident 1 year. How many of them are eligible to vote?

A. 0

B. 3

Correct C. 1

D. 2

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

Nation Y guarantees freedom of expression, but the law prohibits speech that directly threatens public order. A student writes an article that criticises government policies without calling for violence. Is the student's action protected by the constitution? Answer "Yes" or "No".

A. No, it is not protected

Correct B. Yes

C. No

D. No, the law overrides the right

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

Country A requires every religious group to register with the Ministry of Culture before holding any public meeting. The registration process takes up to six months and the Ministry may refuse registration without giving a reason. Which specific human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is most directly violated by this law?

A. Right to education (Article 26)

Correct B. Freedom of religion (Article 18)

C. Freedom of expression (Article 19)

D. Freedom of assembly (Article 20)

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10 View Details

In State Z, police arrested a protester without obtaining a warrant, relying only on a suspicion of unlawful assembly, and detained him for 48 hours before any formal charge was laid. Under the principle of the rule of law, which principle has been breached?

A. Principle of due process

B. Principle of equality before the law

C. Principle of proportionality

Correct D. Principle of legality

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11 View Details

In a country that describes itself as a representative democracy, the parliament passes a bill that directly bans a peaceful public protest without any prior public consultation. Which fundamental democratic principle is most directly violated?

A. Majority rule

B. Rule of law

C. Separation of powers

Correct D. Public participation

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12 View Details

A citizen engages in the following activities: (i) votes in the national election, (ii) pays income tax on earnings, (iii) volunteers in a community clean‑up programme, and (iv) deliberately ignores a court summons. Which of these actions is NOT considered a civic responsibility?

A. Paying income tax on earnings

B. Volunteering in a community clean‑up programme

C. Voting in the national election

Correct D. Deliberately ignoring a court summons

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13 View Details

To amend the constitution, a proposal must be approved by a two‑thirds majority in both houses of parliament and then be approved by a national referendum with at least 50 % voter turnout. What is the minimum number of distinct decision‑making stages required to successfully amend the constitution?

A. 5

B. 4

C. 2

Correct D. 3

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14 View Details

Country A uses a first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) system in ten single‑member constituencies. Country B uses a party‑list proportional representation (PR) system with a 5 % electoral threshold. In the most recent election, Party X received (30\%) of the national vote. Under which electoral system is Party X most likely to obtain a higher proportion of seats in the legislature?

Correct A. Party‑list proportional representation (PR)

B. Mixed‑member proportional representation (MMP)

C. First‑past‑the‑post (FPTP)

D. Single‑transferable vote (STV)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

Define the term "civic virtue" as it is used in civic education.

A. Attitudes and behaviours that prioritize personal gain over the common good, such as self‑interest, disregard for law, and avoidance of civic participation.

Correct B. Attitudes and behaviours that promote the common good and support democratic society, such as respect for law, participation, tolerance and putting public interest before personal gain.

C. Economic strategies and market‑driven actions that aim to maximize profit for individuals, focusing on private benefit rather than public welfare.

D. Cultural customs and traditions that preserve heritage without reference to democratic participation, emphasizing historical continuity over civic responsibility.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 16 View Details

In the 2021 national election, there were \(800{,}000\) eligible voters and the voter turnout was \(55\%\). In the subsequent 2022 election, a total of \(460{,}000\) votes were cast and the turnout percentage fell by \(3\) percentage points compared with 2021. Assuming the only change in the electorate was due to a voter‑registration drive, calculate the percentage increase in the number of eligible voters from 2021 to 2022. Give your answer to one decimal place.

A. 11.2

Correct B. 10.6

C. 12.0

D. 9.8

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17 View Details

According to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which section guarantees the right to freedom of assembly and association?

A. Section 45

Correct B. Section 40

C. Section 38

D. Section 41

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18 View Details

A local council passes a by‑law that imposes a fine of N200 on anyone who speaks loudly in public parks after 6 p.m. A citizen challenges the by‑law, arguing that it violates the constitutional right to freedom of expression. Under the principle of the rule of law, which legal principle should the court apply, and what is the likely outcome for the by‑law? Provide a brief justification.

Correct A. The Constitution is supreme; the by‑law is unconstitutional and must be struck down.

B. The Constitution is supreme; the by‑law is constitutional and may be enforced.

C. Parliamentary sovereignty prevails; the by‑law is valid despite constitutional concerns.

D. The rule of law requires deference to local authority; the by‑law should be upheld.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

A survey of 1,200 secondary‑school students found that 300 had used cannabis at least once. Among the cannabis users, 180 reported missing at least one school day in the past month because of drug use. Among the 900 students who had never used cannabis, 90 reported missing at least one school day for any reason. \n\n(a) Calculate the relative risk (RR) of missing school days for cannabis users compared with non‑users. \n(b) Using the RR, compute the attributable risk percent (ARP) among the exposed, given by \(\displaystyle \text{ARP}= \frac{RR-1}{RR}\times 100\).\n\nGive your answers rounded to two decimal places.

A. RR = 4.00; ARP ≈ 75.00%

B. RR = 6.50; ARP ≈ 84.62%

C. RR = 5.00; ARP ≈ 80.00%

Correct D. RR = 6.00; ARP ≈ 83.33%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 20 View Details

A public‑service department has an annual budget of N500 million. The original allocation is 40 % for salaries, 25 % for infrastructure, and the remainder for programme activities. The budget is subsequently reduced by 10 %. The department decides to keep the salary allocation at the same proportion of the reduced budget, but to increase the programme allocation by an amount equal to 5 % of the reduced total budget, taking this amount from the infrastructure allocation.\n\nCalculate the new amount (in millions of naira) allocated to programme activities after these adjustments.

A. 190

Correct B. 180

C. 165

D. 175

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21 View Details

An individual is convicted of two offences: (i) cult membership under Section 20 of the Criminal Code, which carries a maximum imprisonment of \(5\) years, and (ii) organising a violent demonstration under Section 15 of the Public Order Act, which carries a maximum imprisonment of \(8\) years. Because it is the offender's first conviction, the law allows a statutory mitigation of \(20\%\) off each sentence. What is the total effective imprisonment, in years, that the court should impose if it orders the two sentences to run consecutively?

A. 13 years

B. 9.6 years

C. 11.0 years

Correct D. 10.4 years

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

During a single journey a driver passes through three zones with the following speed limits: urban zone - \(50\) km/h, school zone - \(30\) km/h, and highway - \(100\) km/h. The speed‑camera records the driver's speed as \(65\) km/h in the urban zone, \(45\) km/h in the school zone, and \(110\) km/h on the highway. Under the Traffic Regulations, a violation in an urban or highway zone attracts \(5\) penalty points, while a violation in a school zone is classified as a serious offence and attracts \(8\) points. If a driver accumulates \(12\) or more points their licence is suspended. How many total penalty points does the driver receive and is the licence suspended?

A. 13 points; licence not suspended

B. 16 points; licence suspended

Correct C. 18 points; licence suspended

D. 18 points; licence not suspended

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

The government's annual public‑service budget totals ₦\(2.5\) trillion. Initially the allocations are: Education \(30\%\), Health \(20\%\), Infrastructure \(25\%\), Security \(15\%\) and Others \(10\%\). A policy shift transfers \(5\%\) of the Education allocation to Health and \(2\%\) of the Infrastructure allocation to Security. What is the new percentage of the total budget allocated to Health after the transfers?

A. 20.5%

B. 23%

Correct C. 21.5%

D. 22.5%

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

A local government council enacts a by‑law that permits the council to confiscate any vehicle parked on a public road for failure to pay a parking fee of ₦\(500\) without giving the owner an opportunity to appeal. Identify the two fundamental principles of the rule of law that this by‑law breaches.

A. legality and proportionality

Correct B. legality and fair hearing

C. fair hearing and equality before law

D. due process and transparency

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25 View Details

In a local council election three parties compete for \(7\) seats. The votes received are: Party A \(48{,}000\), Party B \(30{,}000\) and Party C \(22{,}000\). Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method. How many seats does each party obtain?

A. Party A - 5 seats; Party B - 1 seat; Party C - 1 seat

B. Party A - 4 seats; Party B - 1 seat; Party C - 2 seats

C. Party A - 3 seats; Party B - 3 seats; Party C - 1 seat

Correct D. Party A - 4 seats; Party B - 2 seats; Party C - 1 seat

Correct Answer: D

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