Practice gce model questions vol1 government 2021 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A country has a unicameral legislature with \(150\) members. If the total population is \(30{,}000{,}000\) and each member represents an equal number of citizens, how many citizens are represented by each member?

A. 300000

B. 250000

C. 150000

Correct D. 200000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 2 View Details

A local council collects a property tax of 5 % on the total assessed value of properties, which amounts to N\(120\) million. The council also receives a central government grant equal to 20 % of its own tax revenue. After receiving the grant, the council must allocate 15 % of its total revenue to a mandatory service fund. What is the council's net revenue after this allocation (in millions of Naira)?

A. 5.12

Correct B. 6.12

C. 7.20

D. 6.00

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

A public agency runs a program with a fixed administrative cost of N\(2\) million and a variable cost of N\(150\) per beneficiary. The agency's budget for the program is N\(5\) million, and it wants the average cost per beneficiary not to exceed N\(300\). Determine the range of possible numbers of beneficiaries that satisfy both the budget limit and the average‑cost condition.

A. 12000 to 20000

B. 13334 to 19999

Correct C. 13334 to 20000

D. 13333 to 20000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4 View Details

In a recent election, there were \(1.2\) million eligible voters, of whom \(720{,}000\) cast valid votes. What was the voter turnout percentage (to the nearest whole percent)?

A. 70

B. 65

Correct C. 60

D. 55

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

In a federal system, a state law imposes a fine of N\(500\) for a particular offence, while the federal law imposes a fine of N\(800\) for the same offence. According to the principle of supremacy of law, which fine is applicable? If the state law is later amended to increase its fine to N\(900\), what is the effective fine that must be imposed?

A. N900 in both cases

Correct B. N800 in both cases

C. N500 in both cases

D. N1000 in both cases

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6 View Details

In a mixed‑member proportional (MMP) electoral system a parliament has \(101\) seats, of which \(60\) are constituency seats elected by first‑past‑the‑post and \(41\) are list seats used to top‑up parties to their proportional entitlement. The three parties obtain the following national vote shares and constituency wins: - Party A: \(46\%\) of the vote, \(30\) constituency seats - Party B: \(34\%\) of the vote, \(25\) constituency seats - Party C: \(20\%\) of the vote, \(5\) constituency seats Seats are allocated using the Hamilton (largest remainder) method: each party receives the integer part of its proportional share of the \(101\) seats and the remaining seat(s) are given to the party with the largest fractional remainder. List seats are then used to bring each party up to its total proportional seat count. Which party is most over‑represented (i.e., has the greatest positive difference between its percentage of seats and its percentage of the vote) after the list seats are allocated?

Correct A. Party A

B. Party B

C. Party C

D. None of the above

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) assigns each member a voting power consisting of a basic component of \(5\%\) of the total votes plus a component proportional to its quota share. The remaining \(95\%\) of the votes are distributed in proportion to each member's quota. Three countries have the following quota shares and shares of world GDP: - Country A: quota \(1.2\%\), GDP \(0.8\%\) - Country B: quota \(2.5\%\), GDP \(2.0\%\) - Country C: quota \(0.9\%\), GDP \(1.5\%\) For each country, calculate its total voting percentage and then the discrepancy between its voting percentage and its GDP share. Which country has the greatest positive discrepancy (i.e., is most over‑represented) in IMF voting?

A. All countries are equally represented

B. Country A

Correct C. Country B

D. Country C

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8 View Details

A local authority has an annual budget of \(120\) million naira which must be allocated to three core services and a new waste‑management programme. The core services are Health, Education and Infrastructure. The authority must respect the following minimum percentages of the total budget: - Health at least \(30\%\) - Education at least \(30\%\) - Infrastructure at least \(20\%\) The waste‑management programme must receive at least \(8\%\) of the total budget if it is funded. What is the maximum amount (in millions of naira) that can be allocated to the waste‑management programme while satisfying all the constraints?

A. 22

Correct B. 24

C. 20

D. 26

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9 View Details

In a country with \(5\) million eligible voters, the electorate is divided into three age groups with the following characteristics: - Ages 18‑30: \(30\%\) of eligible voters; registration rate \(90\%\); turnout among registered voters \(70\%\) - Ages 31‑50: \(45\%\) of eligible voters; registration rate \(95\%\); turnout among registered voters \(80\%\) - Ages 51 and over: \(25\%\) of eligible voters; registration rate \(98\%\); turnout among registered voters \(85\%\) Calculate the overall voter turnout as a percentage of the total eligible electorate.

Correct A. 73.9

B. 71.5

C. 75.2

D. 70.0

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10 View Details

The European Union Council uses qualified majority voting (QMV). A proposal passes if it is supported by at least \(55\%\) of member states (a minimum of \(6\) out of \(10\) in this example) **and** by member states representing at least \(65\%\) of the EU population. The ten member states have the following shares of the EU population: - A: \(20\%\) - B: \(15\%\) - C: \(12\%\) - D: \(10\%\) - E: \(9\%\) - F: \(8\%\) - G: \(6\%\) - H: \(5\%\) - I: \(3\%\) - J: \(2\%\) Consider the two coalitions below: (i) Coalition X: A, B, C, D, E (ii) Coalition Y: B, C, D, E, F, G, H Which coalition, if any, can successfully pass a proposal under the QMV rules?

A. Both coalitions can pass

B. Neither coalition can pass

Correct C. Coalition Y

D. Coalition X

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11 View Details

A government is evaluating two foreign‑policy strategies, A and B. The objectives are security (weight \(0.4\)), trade (weight \(0.35\)) and regional influence (weight \(0.25\)). Strategy A yields benefits: security \(6\), trade \(4\), influence \(5\). Strategy B yields benefits: security \(5\), trade \(7\), influence \(4\). Each unit of benefit costs: security \(1.2\), trade \(0.9\), influence \(1.0\). The total cost of a strategy must not exceed \(18\) units and the associated diplomatic risk must be \(\le 6\). Strategy A carries a risk of \(5\), Strategy B a risk of \(7\). Which strategy should the government adopt?

A. Strategy B

B. Strategy D

Correct C. Strategy A

D. Strategy C

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

In a proportional‑representation election using the D'Hondt method, three parties receive the following votes: Party P1 = 45 000, Party P2 = 30 000, Party P3 = 25 000. Ten seats are to be allocated and there is a 5 % electoral threshold (all parties exceed it). How many seats does each party obtain?

A. P1 = 6, P2 = 2, P3 = 2

B. P1 = 5, P2 = 2, P3 = 3

Correct C. P1 = 5, P2 = 3, P3 = 2

D. P1 = 4, P2 = 4, P3 = 2

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13 View Details

The Influence Index of a pressure group is calculated as \(I = 0.3M + 0.7B\), where \(M\) is membership in thousands and \(B\) is the annual lobbying budget in millions of pounds. Groups A, B and C have: A - 200 000 members, £5 m budget; B - 150 000 members, £8 m budget; C - 300 000 members, £3 m budget. (a) Which group has the highest Influence Index? (b) If a 10 % tax is imposed on lobbying budgets, recalculate the indices and state whether the ranking changes.

Correct A. Group C; the ranking does not change (Group C remains highest)

B. Group B; the ranking does not change (Group B remains highest)

C. Group A; the ranking changes (Group A becomes highest)

D. Group C; the ranking changes (Group A becomes highest)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14 View Details

A constitutional amendment introduces a preliminary‑reference procedure: lower courts must refer any question of constitutional interpretation to the Supreme Court before delivering a judgment, but the Supreme Court may decline a reference if the same question has been decided by it within the previous five years. A lower court now faces a constitutional question that was decided by the Supreme Court four years ago. Must the lower court refer the question? Explain briefly.

Correct A. No; because the Supreme Court may decline a reference within five years, the lower court does not have to refer the question.

B. No; because the Supreme Court may decline a reference only after ten years, so the lower court must still refer the question.

C. Yes; because any constitutional question, even if previously decided within five years, must be referred to ensure consistency.

D. Yes; because the preliminary‑reference procedure requires a referral unless the Supreme Court has expressly waived the question, which it has not done.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15 View Details

In a system with a bicameral legislature (lower and upper houses) and a separate executive, a bill becomes law only after passing both houses and receiving executive assent. How many distinct approvals are required for a bill to become law?

A. 5

B. 4

Correct C. 3

D. 2

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

According to the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, which court has the exclusive jurisdiction to determine the constitutionality of a law passed by the National Assembly?

Correct A. Supreme Court

B. National Assembly

C. Court of Appeal

D. Federal High Court

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

An executive order authorises the detention of a person without trial. Identify the two fundamental principles of the rule of law that this order breaches, and cite the specific article of the 1999 Constitution that guarantees the right to a fair trial.

Correct A. Equality before the law; protection of fundamental human rights; Article 14(1)

B. Rule of law; judicial independence; Article 13(1)

C. Presumption of innocence; right to counsel; Article 16(3)

D. Due process; separation of powers; Article 15(2)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18 View Details

The federal government allocates a total of ₦120 million to three local government areas (LGAs) - LGA A, LGA B and LGA C - based on population. Their populations are 150 000, 250 000 and 100 000 respectively. Each LGA first receives a base grant of ₦20 million. The remaining funds are distributed in proportion to each LGA's share of the total population. In addition, any LGA that achieves the performance target receives a bonus of 10 % of its total allocation. Assuming LGA B meets the target, how much total funding does LGA B receive (in millions of naira)?

Correct A. 55

B. 60

C. 52

D. 50

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19 View Details

The 1999 Constitution has been in force for 22 years up to 2021 and has 5 amendments. The preceding constitutions had the following lifespans and numbers of amendments: 1960 Constitution - 3 years, 2 amendments; 1963 Constitution - 16 years, 1 amendment; 1979 Constitution - 14 years, 3 amendments; 1993 Constitution - 6 years, 0 amendments. Calculate the overall amendment rate defined as (total number of amendments) ÷ (total years of constitutional operation) up to 2021. Give your answer rounded to three decimal places.

A. 0.164

B. 0.197

Correct C. 0.180

D. 0.204

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A judgment is delivered by the Federal High Court on 1 March 2022. The appellant files an appeal to the Court of Appeal on 15 March 2022, within the 30‑day limit. The Court of Appeal delivers its judgment on 10 July 2022. The appellant now wishes to seek leave to appeal to the Supreme Court, which must be filed within 90 days of the Court of Appeal judgment. As of 1 August 2022, how many days remain for the appellant to file the Supreme Court appeal?

A. 72

B. 66

C. 70

Correct D. 68

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

In a hypothetical parliamentary system, \(100\) bills are introduced in a session. The executive vetoes \(60\%\) of the bills. The legislature can override two‑thirds of any vetoed bill, and any bill that is not vetoed passes automatically. After the legislature's overrides, the judiciary invalidates \(40\%\) of the enacted laws. How many of the original \(100\) bills finally become law?

A. 40

Correct B. 48

C. 52

D. 60

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

A constitutional amendment must be passed by at least a two‑thirds majority in both the lower house (\(300\) members) and the upper house (\(150\) members), and then approved in a national referendum. In the referendum at least \(55\%\) of the votes cast must be in favour and at least \(40\%\) of the total electorate must vote in favour. If the electorate is \(20\) million and voter turnout is \(60\%\), what is the minimum number of favourable votes required in the referendum for the amendment to be adopted?

A. 9000000

B. 7200000

Correct C. 8000000

D. 6600000

Correct Answer: C

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Question 23 View Details

A government bill can be expedited so that each of its three readings in a house takes a minimum of \(1\) week, whereas a private‑member's bill requires at least \(2\) weeks per reading. Assuming the bill must pass three readings in the lower house and then three readings in the upper house, and that both types of bills start at the same time, what is the minimum difference in total time (in weeks) between a government bill and a private‑member's bill becoming law?

Correct A. 6

B. 12

C. 9

D. 3

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24 View Details

In a mixed‑member proportional electoral system, \(60\%\) of the \(100\) parliamentary seats are filled by first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) constituencies and the remaining \(40\%\) are allocated from party‑list seats to reflect the national vote share. If Party A receives \(30\%\) of the popular vote and wins \(20\) of the \(60\) FPTP seats, how many total seats will Party A hold after the proportional top‑up?

A. 20

B. 40

Correct C. 30

D. 50

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25 View Details

The constitution of Country X provides that \(60\%\) of the \(20\) Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President after consulting the Judicial Service Commission, \(30\%\) are appointed by Parliament, and the remaining \(10\%\) are elected by the legal profession. How many judges are appointed by each of these three bodies?

Correct A. President 12, Parliament 6, legal profession 2

B. President 12, Parliament 5, legal profession 3

C. President 13, Parliament 6, legal profession 1

D. President 10, Parliament 8, legal profession 2

Correct Answer: A

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