gce model questions vol1 2020 civic_education | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Consider the statement: “Values are the guiding principles that shape individual behaviour and influence the development of a harmonious society.”
Question Parts
(a)
Define the terms **value** and **moral value** as they are used in civic education.
(b)
Explain how personal values can affect social cohesion, giving two specific examples from everyday life in Nigeria.
(c)
Discuss two ways in which the Nigerian education system can promote the acquisition of positive values among students.
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Question 2 View Details
A community in Lagos plans to hold a political rally in the public park adjacent to the local government office. The organisers did not obtain a permit, yet the rally proceeded and attracted several hundred participants. Some residents complained that the noise disrupted nearby schools and that the park’s facilities were damaged.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the constitutional right(s) of the community members that are relevant to the use of public spaces for assemblies.
(b)
Evaluate whether the rally organisers complied with the legal requirements for holding a public meeting under the Nigerian Constitution and the Public Order Act.
() State the statutory requirements that must be satisfied before a public meeting may be lawfully held.
() Assess, with reference to the facts given, whether those requirements were met.
(c)
Recommend two measures the local government could adopt to balance freedom of assembly with the need to maintain public order in such situations.
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Question 3 View Details
The following excerpt is taken from Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers." In a recent incident in Nigeria, a journalist was detained by the police after publishing an investigative report exposing alleged corruption in a state government ministry. The journalist claims that the detention violates his fundamental rights. Answer the questions that follow.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify two specific rights contained in Article 19 of the UDHR that are relevant to the journalist’s situation and explain why each right is applicable.
(b)
Analyse how the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria protects the rights identified in part (a). Cite the relevant constitutional provisions and discuss any limitations that may be lawfully imposed.
(c)
Discuss two possible actions – one legal and one non‑legal – that could be taken to safeguard the journalist’s rights in this context.
(d)
Evaluate the broader impact on democratic governance in Nigeria if the rights identified in part (a) are consistently respected versus if they are routinely violated.
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Question 4 View Details
Environmental sustainability is a pressing issue in Nigeria. Citizens are expected to play both civic and social roles in addressing environmental challenges such as waste management, deforestation and water pollution.
Question Parts
(a)
Define civic responsibility and social responsibility. Distinguish between the two by giving one example of each in the Nigerian context.
(b)
The Federal Government recently launched the "National Waste Management Policy" (2022). Explain how citizens can fulfil their civic responsibilities to support the effective implementation of this policy.
(c)
Propose two community‑based initiatives that illustrate social responsibility towards the environment. For each initiative, justify how it addresses a specific environmental challenge in Nigeria.
(d)
Critically assess the long‑term consequences for future generations if citizens neglect both their civic and social responsibilities in environmental matters.
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Question 5 View Details
In Nigeria, the practice of democracy is influenced by various political, social and economic factors.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the core principles of a democratic system and how they are reflected in the Nigerian Constitution.
(b)
Analyse two major challenges facing the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria today, providing specific examples for each challenge.
(c)
Propose three realistic measures that could strengthen democratic governance in Nigeria, justifying how each measure addresses the challenges identified in part (b).
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Question 6 View Details
The rule of law is a fundamental pillar of good governance.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the rule of law and distinguish it from the rule of man, citing relevant constitutional provisions.
(b)
Evaluate how the independence of the judiciary contributes to the rule of law in Nigeria, using at least two recent court decisions as illustration.
(c)
Discuss the impact of corruption on the rule of law and suggest two institutional reforms that could mitigate this impact.
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Question 7 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria provides the legal framework for the country's governance. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of separation of powers as enshrined in the 1999 Constitution. In your answer, identify the three organs of government and describe the core function of each organ.
(b)
The 2018 amendment to the Constitution altered the tenure of the President from four to five years. Assess how this amendment reflects or changes the balance of power among the three arms of government.
(c)
Discuss two concrete ways in which ordinary citizens can hold each arm of government accountable, giving specific examples relevant to Nigeria.
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Question 8 View Details
National identity is a cornerstone of nation‑building in Nigeria. Answer the following questions.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify three official symbols of Nigeria and explain how each symbol is intended to foster a sense of national unity.
(b)
Critically evaluate two major challenges to the development of a cohesive national identity in Nigeria today.
(c)
Propose three policy measures that could strengthen national identity while respecting Nigeria’s diversity, and justify how each measure would address the challenges identified in part (b).
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Question 9 View Details
In recent Nigerian elections, the proportion of first‑time voters aged 18‑30 has fallen compared with previous electoral cycles.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and explain three socio‑political factors that contribute to low political participation among Nigerian youth.
(b)
Evaluate how this decline could affect the legitimacy of democratic governance in Nigeria.
(c)
Propose two realistic measures the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) could implement to increase youth participation, and discuss the potential advantages and limitations of each measure.
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Question 10 View Details
Effective public service is essential for the delivery of social welfare programmes such as the National Social Investment Programme (NSIP).
Question Parts
(a)
Define the core values that underpin the Nigerian public service ethos and explain why each is important for service delivery.
(b)
Analyse two major challenges that impede the realisation of these values in the implementation of the NSIP.
(c)
Recommend a set of institutional reforms that could strengthen accountability and performance in the public service, linking each reform to the challenges identified in part (b).
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