gce model questions vol1 2019 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Government is a central institution in any society and provides the framework within which public affairs are organised.
Question Parts
(a)
Define ‘government’ and distinguish it from the ‘state’.
(b)
Outline the three essential functions of government and give one concrete example of each function in practice.
(c)
Discuss why the rule of law is fundamental to the legitimacy of government, illustrating your answer with at least two examples.
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Question 2 View Details
The table below shows the percentage of registered voters who cast ballots in the last five national elections in Country X. Year | Voter Turnout (%) -----|------------------- 2015 | 62 2016 | 58 2017 | 55 2018 | 57 2019 | 60
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the average voter turnout over the five elections.
(b)
Identify the trend in voter participation and suggest two possible political or socio‑economic factors that could explain the observed pattern.
(c)
Evaluate the effectiveness of civic‑education programmes in increasing voter turnout, using the data above and your knowledge of political participation.
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Question 3 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria establishes the framework for governance and the protection of citizens’ rights.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of separation of powers as enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution and illustrate how it is reflected in the three arms of government.
(b)
Discuss how the system of checks and balances operates between the three arms, giving two specific constitutional mechanisms that prevent abuse of power.
(c)
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of having a written constitution such as Nigeria’s, with reference to an unwritten constitutional system (e.g., the United Kingdom).
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Question 4 View Details
Democracy in Nigeria has evolved since independence, facing both opportunities and challenges.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse the role of political parties in consolidating democracy in Nigeria, citing at least two functions they perform.
(b)
Identify and discuss two major challenges that hinder the deepening of democratic practice in Nigeria.
(c)
Propose two concrete measures that could strengthen democratic governance in Nigeria, justifying how each would address the challenges identified in part (b).
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Question 5 View Details
The concept of the Rule of Law is a cornerstone of democratic governance. Discuss the essential features of the Rule of Law, analyse how these features are reflected (or not) in the Nigerian constitutional framework, and evaluate two major challenges that hinder its full implementation in Nigeria today.
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Question 6 View Details
Separation of Powers is intended to prevent the concentration of authority in a single organ of government. Explain the principle of Separation of Powers, assess how effectively the three branches (executive, legislature, judiciary) operate independently in Nigeria, and propose two reforms that could strengthen this separation.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly is the principal law‑making body in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the sequential stages that a bill must pass through in the National Assembly before it becomes law.
(b)
Explain two constitutional mechanisms by which the National Assembly can hold the Executive accountable.
(c)
Using a recent piece of legislation (for example, the 2022 Public Procurement Act amendment), critically assess how effectively the National Assembly exercised these accountability mechanisms.
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Question 8 View Details
The President of Nigeria occupies the apex of the Executive arm of government.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and briefly describe three constitutional powers vested in the President.
(b)
Explain how each of the powers listed in part (a) can be employed to influence the legislative agenda of the National Assembly.
(c)
Using two recent examples – (i) the appointment of a Minister of Finance in 2023 and (ii) the issuance of an executive order on renewable energy in 2022 – assess the actual impact of these powers on the passage or amendment of related legislation.
(d)
Conclude whether, in practice, the balance of power between the Executive and the Legislature in Nigeria favours the President, providing a reasoned justification.
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Question 9 View Details
The judiciary is a fundamental pillar of democratic governance in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the principle of separation of powers and describe how it applies specifically to the judiciary in Nigeria.
(b)
Identify two major challenges confronting the Nigerian judiciary today and analyse how each hampers access to justice.
(c)
Propose three specific reforms that could strengthen judicial independence and improve efficiency. Justify each reform.
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Question 10 View Details
Political parties play a crucial role in the functioning of Nigeria’s democratic system.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the historical development of political parties in Nigeria since independence, identifying three distinct phases.
(b)
Evaluate two ways in which political parties contribute to democratic participation in Nigeria.
(c)
Critically assess the impact of party financing on political competition in Nigeria and suggest two measures to promote greater transparency and fairness.
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