gce model questions vol1 2018 government | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Answer the following questions on the basic concepts of government.
Question Parts
(a)
Define ‘government’ and outline the key characteristics that distinguish a government from other forms of social organisation.
(b)
Discuss two essential functions that a government must perform in a democratic society, giving a concrete example for each function.
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Question 2 View Details
The table below shows the percentage of registered voters who turned out to vote in the three most recent national elections in Nigeria. | Election Year | Voter Turnout (%) | |---------------|-------------------| | 2011 | 55.2 | | 2015 | 48.9 | | 2019 | 42.5 | Using this information, answer the following questions on political participation.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe the trend in voter turnout over the three elections.
(b)
Discuss at least three plausible factors that could explain the observed decline in voter turnout.
(c)
Propose two practical measures the government could adopt to increase voter participation, and justify how each measure would address the factors identified in part (b).
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Question 3 View Details
The Constitution is described as the supreme law of the land and a cornerstone of democratic governance in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define constitutional supremacy and explain why it is fundamental to the rule of law in Nigeria.
(b)
Evaluate the role of the judiciary in upholding constitutional supremacy, giving at least two specific examples from Nigerian jurisprudence.
(c)
Analyse how the constitutional amendment procedure balances the need for flexibility with the need for stability. In your answer, discuss the thresholds required for amendment and the political implications of these thresholds.
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Question 4 View Details
Liberal democracy is the prevailing model of governance in contemporary Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify and briefly explain the essential features of a liberal democracy.
(b)
Assess the extent to which these features are realised in Nigeria today, citing specific contemporary examples.
(c)
Propose two specific reforms that could strengthen democratic governance in Nigeria and justify how each would address the shortcomings identified in part (b).
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Question 5 View Details
Explain why the rule of law is a cornerstone of democratic governance.
Question Parts
(a)
Analyse how the rule of law protects individual rights in Nigeria.
(b)
Discuss how the rule of law limits the exercise of governmental power.
(c)
Evaluate the contribution of the rule of law to social and economic development in Nigeria.
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Question 6 View Details
Outline the doctrine of separation of powers and its relevance to Nigeria’s constitutional system.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the distinct functions of the legislative, executive and judicial branches in Nigeria.
(b)
Explain the mechanisms that ensure checks and balances among the three branches.
(c)
Assess the main challenges that impede the effective separation of powers in Nigeria.
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Question 7 View Details
The National Assembly, comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives, is the principal law‑making organ of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Describe, in order, the stages a public bill must pass through in the National Assembly before it becomes law.
(b)
Identify and discuss two mechanisms by which the legislature exercises oversight over the executive.
(c)
A controversial bill on land reform has been introduced but is stalled because the two chambers cannot agree on a key amendment. Analyse the possible consequences of such a delay for democratic governance and for the parties involved.
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Question 8 View Details
The President of Nigeria is the head of the executive and occupies a central position in the constitutional architecture of the federation.
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the constitutional powers vested in the President under the 1999 Constitution, categorising them as executive, legislative and judicial functions.
(b)
Explain the distinction between de jure powers and de facto powers of the President, giving one concrete example of each from recent Nigerian political practice.
(c)
Suppose the President issues an executive order to merge two federal ministries without first obtaining the approval of the National Assembly. Assess the constitutional validity of this action and identify the checks that could be invoked by other branches of government.
(d)
Evaluate how the President’s role in formulating economic policy affects democratic accountability, citing at least two mechanisms that enhance or limit accountability.
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Question 9 View Details
The judiciary is a cornerstone of democratic governance. In the context of Nigeria:
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the constitutional role of the Nigerian judiciary in safeguarding the rule of law and protecting fundamental human rights.
(b)
Critically evaluate the extent to which judicial independence is realised in practice, citing at least two contemporary challenges.
(c)
Propose two realistic reforms that could strengthen judicial independence and efficiency in Nigeria.
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Question 10 View Details
Political parties are essential to the functioning of a democratic system. With reference to Nigeria:
Question Parts
(a)
Outline the historical evolution of political parties in Nigeria from independence to the present, highlighting three major phases.
(b)
Assess the impact of the current party system on Nigeria’s democratic consolidation, considering both positive and negative aspects.
(c)
Recommend two measures that could improve internal democracy within Nigerian political parties and explain how they would enhance overall democratic quality.
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