Practice gce model questions vol1 government 2017 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

The Nigerian Senate composition under three constitutions was as follows: 1963 Constitution - 44 members, 12 appointed; 1979 Constitution - 95 members, 5 appointed; 1999 Constitution - 109 members, none appointed. A 2011 amendment increased the Senate to 120 members with 8 appointed. Which constitution (by year) had the highest percentage of appointed senators before the 2011 amendment, what was that percentage (to one decimal place), and after the amendment did the percentage of appointed senators increase, decrease, or stay the same compared with that highest pre‑amendment percentage? Provide the year, the percentage and the direction of change.

A. 1963, 27.3%, increase

Correct B. 1963, 27.3%, decrease

C. 1999, 0.0%, stay the same

D. 1979, 5.3%, increase

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2 View Details

Three pressure groups are lobbying for environmental reform. Their resources, public support and access to policymakers are given below:\nGroup A: resources £2 million, public support 40 % of the population, access score 70/100.\nGroup B: resources £5 million, public support 25 %, access score 50/100.\nGroup C: resources £1 million, public support 60 %, access score 80/100.\nThe effectiveness of a group is evaluated by a weighted score: resources 40 %, public support 30 %, access 30 %. Using these weights, which group is most likely to achieve its policy objective?

A. Group D

Correct B. Group C

C. Group B

D. Group A

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3 View Details

In Nigeria, a presidential veto can be overridden by a two‑thirds majority in each house of the National Assembly. The House of Representatives has 360 members and the Senate 109 members. A motion to override received 240 votes in the House and 80 votes in the Senate. Did the override succeed? If yes, name the constitutional principle demonstrated by this process.

A. Yes; federalism

Correct B. Yes; checks and balances

C. Yes; separation of powers

D. No; checks and balances

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4 View Details

Which of the following executive actions can only be performed by the President of Nigeria and not by any State Governor? (i) appointing Supreme Court judges, (ii) declaring war, (iii) granting pardons, (iv) issuing a state of emergency.

A. issuing a state of emergency

B. granting pardons

Correct C. declaring war

D. appointing Supreme Court judges

Correct Answer: C

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Question 5 View Details

Nigeria contributed troops to UN peace‑keeping missions in the years 2005 (1,200 troops), 2008 (1,500 troops), 2012 (2,000 troops) and 2016 (1,800 troops). The UN set a target average contribution of 1,600 troops per year for the period 2005‑2016. Assuming no contribution in the other years, did Nigeria meet the target average? State Yes or No and give the actual average (to one decimal place).

A. No; 1200.0

B. Yes; 1600.0

C. No; 800.0

Correct D. No; 541.7

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

Parliament has 150 seats. Party A holds 45 seats, Party B 30, Party C 25, Party D 20, Party E 15, Party F 10 and Party G 5. A majority requires more than half the seats. Parties will only join a coalition if they have at least 10 seats. What is the smallest number of parties (including Party A) that must form a coalition with Party A to obtain a majority, and which specific combination gives the smallest total number of seats? State the number of parties and the total seats of that coalition.

A. 2 parties, 85 seats

Correct B. 3 parties, 80 seats

C. 4 parties, 75 seats

D. 3 parties, 85 seats

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7 View Details

National elections use two systems. Under First‑Past‑the‑Post (FPTP) there are 10 single‑member constituencies. Party X receives 40 % of the national vote, Party Y 35 % and Party Z 25 %. In the FPTP result Party X wins 6 constituencies, Party Y 3 and Party Z 1. Under a List Proportional Representation system with 10 seats allocated by the D'Hondt method, how many seats does each party receive? Then, which party experiences the greatest change in seat count when moving from FPTP to PR, and what is the magnitude of that change (in seats)?

Correct A. Party X, change of 2 seats

B. Party Z, change of 1 seat

C. Party Y, change of 3 seats

D. Party X, change of 1 seat

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8 View Details

In a local election 1 200 people were eligible to vote. A total of 720 voters turned out. Of those who voted, 60 % supported Party A and the remainder supported Party B. How many votes did Party B receive?

A. 240

B. 312

Correct C. 288

D. 336

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

A political party's overall ideological position is calculated as the average of its economic and social policy scores on a scale from -5 (far left) to +5 (far right). Initially the party's economic score is -3 and its social score is +1. The party later changes its economic stance to +2 while the social score stays at +1. What is the change in the party's overall ideological score (in points, to one decimal place if necessary)?

A. 1.5

B. 0.5

Correct C. 2.5

D. 3.0

Correct Answer: C

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Question 10 View Details

In Country Q a bill has passed both houses of Parliament. The President then vetoes the bill. Parliament overrides the veto with a two‑thirds majority in each house, so the bill is sent back to the President. The Supreme Court subsequently declares the bill unconstitutional. What is the final status of the bill? (State whether it becomes law or not.)

A. It becomes law pending a constitutional amendment

B. It becomes law

Correct C. It does not become law

D. It becomes law after a presidential signature

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11 View Details

In a mixed‑member proportional electoral system, a parliament has 120 seats, of which 70 are constituency seats filled by first‑past‑the‑post and the remaining 50 are list seats used to achieve overall proportionality. Party A receives 42\% of the national vote and wins 30 constituency seats. Assuming the total number of seats a party is entitled to is the nearest whole number to $\text{vote\%}\times\text{total seats}$, how many list seats will Party A receive?

Correct A. 20

B. 19

C. 21

D. 23

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12 View Details

A parliament passes a law imposing a mandatory minimum sentence of five years for any conviction of theft. The constitution guarantees the right to a fair trial and that punishments must be proportionate to the offence. According to the principles of the rule of law, which constitutional principle is most likely to lead a court to declare this law invalid? Briefly justify your answer in one sentence.

A. The principle of non‑discrimination; it mandates equal treatment under the law, which does not specifically concern proportionality of punishments.

Correct B. The principle of proportionality; it requires punishments to be commensurate with the offence, making the mandatory five‑year minimum potentially excessive.

C. The principle of legality; it requires that laws be clear and not retroactive, which does not directly address sentencing severity.

D. The principle of judicial independence; it ensures courts can interpret laws without interference, which is not the basis for invalidating the statute.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13 View Details

In a local election, 48,000 out of 80,000 registered voters cast a ballot, giving a turnout of 60\%. For the next election the number of registered voters increases by 10\% and the number of voters who turn out rises by 20\% relative to the first election. What is the voter turnout percentage in the next election? Express your answer to one decimal place.

A. 68.0\%

B. 64.5\%

Correct C. 65.5\%

D. 66.5\%

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14 View Details

A local council has a budget of $\text{₦}200$ million to fund two projects: (i) a community health centre costing $\text{₦}5$ million per unit and providing a benefit score of 8 per unit, and (ii) a road improvement costing $\text{₦}2$ million per kilometre and providing a benefit score of 5 per kilometre. The council must allocate at least 30\% of the budget to the health centre and at least 20\% to the road project. Determine the number of health‑centre units $x$ and kilometres of road $y$ that maximise the total benefit score, assuming fractional units are not allowed.

A. 10 health‑centre units and 80 km of road

Correct B. 12 health‑centre units and 70 km of road

C. 11 health‑centre units and 75 km of road

D. 13 health‑centre units and 65 km of road

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15 View Details

In a jurisdiction, courts considered 150 challenges to police stop‑and‑search powers, upholding the power in 90 cases. They also considered 80 challenges to police use‑of‑force decisions, upholding the police action in 56 cases. Which type of police power had the higher judicial endorsement rate, and by how many percentage points does it exceed the other?

A. Stop‑and‑search powers; they exceed use‑of‑force by 5 percentage points

B. Stop‑and‑search powers; they exceed use‑of‑force by 10 percentage points

Correct C. Use‑of‑force powers; they exceed stop‑and‑search by 10 percentage points

D. Use‑of‑force powers; they exceed stop‑and‑search by 5 percentage points

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16 View Details

In a bicameral legislature, the lower house has 300 members and the upper house 150 members. A bill passed both houses with exactly $60\%$ of members in each house voting in favour. The President vetoes the bill. To override the veto, at least a two‑thirds majority is required in each house. Assuming the original voting numbers remain the same, what is the minimum additional number of members that must change their vote from against to for in each house to achieve the required two‑thirds majority?

Correct A. Lower house: 20, Upper house: 10

B. Lower house: 10, Upper house: 5

C. Lower house: 25, Upper house: 12

D. Lower house: 30, Upper house: 15

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17 View Details

In a country, 40\% of eligible voters are members of political parties. Among party members, 60\% turn out to vote in an election, while among non‑members, 30\% turn out. What is the overall voter turnout percentage among all eligible voters?

A. 40\%

B. 48\%

C. 45\%

Correct D. 42\%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

An amendment to the constitution requires a two‑thirds majority in both houses of Parliament. If the lower house has 200 members and the upper house has 100 members, what is the minimum number of votes that must be cast in favour of the amendment in each house for it to pass?

A. Lower house: 130, Upper house: 70

Correct B. Lower house: 134, Upper house: 67

C. Lower house: 135, Upper house: 68

D. Lower house: 133, Upper house: 66

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19 View Details

A parliament has 120 seats. In a recent election, Party A received 48\% of the vote, Party B 35\%, and Party C 17\%. The total number of votes cast was 1,000,000. Seats are allocated using the largest‑remainder (Hare) method. How many seats does each party obtain?

A. Party A: 60, Party B: 40, Party C: 20

B. Party A: 55, Party B: 45, Party C: 20

Correct C. Party A: 58, Party B: 42, Party C: 20

D. Party A: 58, Party B: 40, Party C: 22

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

Country X imposes a 10\% tariff on imported cars. Before the tariff, the country imported 200,000 cars at an average price of $20,000 each, and domestic car producers sold 50,000 cars at $22,000 each. After the tariff is introduced, imports fall by 30\% and the price of each imported car rises by the tariff amount. Domestic producers increase output by 20\% while keeping their price unchanged. Calculate (a) the change in total automotive sector revenue (imports plus domestic sales) after the tariff, and (b) the total tariff revenue collected. Express the change in revenue as a decrease or increase in millions of dollars, and give tariff revenue in millions of dollars.

A. Sector revenue decreases by $840 million; tariff revenue = $280 million

B. Sector revenue increases by $100 million; tariff revenue = $300 million

C. Sector revenue decreases by $560 million; tariff revenue = $240 million

Correct D. Sector revenue decreases by $700 million; tariff revenue = $280 million

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority ($ \frac{2}{3} $) in both the Senate (109 seats) and the House of Representatives (360 seats). Party A holds 58 Senate seats and 180 House seats. Party B holds 30 Senate seats and 120 House seats. All other parties hold the remaining seats. If Parties A and B vote together, can the amendment be passed? Justify your answer.

A. No, the amendment cannot be passed because the coalition has 88 Senate seats (≥73) but only 210 House seats (≥240).

Correct B. Yes, the amendment can be passed because the coalition has 88 Senate seats (≥73) and 300 House seats (≥240).

C. Yes, the amendment can be passed because the coalition has 78 Senate seats (≥73) and 300 House seats (≥240).

D. Yes, the amendment can be passed because the coalition has 88 Senate seats (≥73) and 260 House seats (≥240).

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22 View Details

A resolution in the UN Security Council requires at least 9 affirmative votes, including the concurring votes of all five permanent members (P5). The probabilities that each P5 member votes in favour are 0.9, 0.8, 0.95, 0.85 and 0.9 respectively. The ten non‑permanent members each vote in favour independently with probability 0.6. What is the probability that the resolution is adopted? Give your answer to three decimal places.

A. 0.540

Correct B. 0.495

C. 0.460

D. 0.525

Correct Answer: B

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Question 23 View Details

Nigeria allocates funds to Local Government Areas (LGAs) using the formula: Allocation (million Naira) = $ \frac{\text{Weighted Score}}{100}\times12 $. The Weighted Score is calculated as 60% of the population score, 30% of the revenue‑generation score and 10% of the infrastructure‑need score. Each score is out of 100 and is obtained as follows: $\text{Population score}=\frac{\text{LGA population}}{\text{Maximum LGA population}}\times100$; $\text{Revenue score}=\frac{\text{Actual revenue}}{\text{Target revenue}}\times100$; $\text{Infrastructure score}=\frac{\text{Infrastructure index}}{100}\times100$. The maximum LGA population is 500,000, the target revenue is $\text{N}$60,000 and the maximum infrastructure index is 100. LGA X has a population of 250,000, actual revenue of $\text{N}$40,000 and an infrastructure index of 70. The national cap on any LGA's allocation is $\text{N}$10 million. Determine LGA X's allocation (in million Naira) and state whether the cap is exceeded.

A. 7.68

B. 6.00

Correct C. 6.84

D. 5.76

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

List the years between 1960 and 2010 (inclusive) in which Nigeria adopted a new constitution or a major constitutional amendment that altered the federal structure. Then calculate the average interval (in years) between successive such constitutional changes, giving the result to one decimal place.

Correct A. 9.8

B. 9.0

C. 8.5

D. 10.2

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

The Federal High Court aims for each judge to dispose of at most 250 cases per year. In 2022 the court received 3,200 new cases and had 12 judges. Fifteen percent of the cases are complex and require double the workload (i.e., count as two cases for the target). Determine whether the current number of judges meets the target. If not, calculate the minimum additional judges required, assuming the same workload distribution.

Correct A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 2

Correct Answer: A

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