Practice gce model questions vol1 civic_education 2017 Past Questions

Question 1 View Details

A new law states that any public gathering of more than 20 persons must obtain written permission from the police at least 48 hours in advance. However, the same law also guarantees the right to peaceful assembly without prior authorization. Identify the specific human right that is most directly infringed by this provision and explain briefly why.

A. Right to privacy (the right to personal autonomy) is infringed because the prior‑permission requirement limits the exercise of that right.

B. Freedom of speech (the right to express opinions) is infringed because the prior‑permission requirement limits the exercise of that right.

Correct C. Freedom of assembly (the right to peaceful assembly) is infringed because the prior‑permission requirement limits the exercise of that right.

D. Freedom of movement (the right to travel freely) is infringed because the prior‑permission requirement limits the exercise of that right).

Correct Answer: C

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Question 2 View Details

A community member notices a neighbour dumping waste illegally. They report it to the local authority instead of ignoring it. Which civic value does this action primarily illustrate? Provide the value name.

Correct A. Civic responsibility

B. Patriotism

C. Social solidarity

D. Community participation

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3 View Details

In 2018 a university recorded 120 cult‑related incidents. After introducing a community‑outreach programme the number of incidents fell by 30 %. The university then increased police patrols, which reduced the remaining incidents by a further 20 %. (a) How many cult‑related incidents were recorded after both measures were implemented? (b) If the university had chosen to implement only the police patrols (without the outreach programme), how many incidents would have been expected? (c) Which combination of measures yields a greater overall reduction in incidents, and by how many incidents compared with the single‑measure option?

A. a) 68 incidents; b) 96 incidents; c) The combined measures give a greater reduction, 28 incidents fewer than using police patrols alone.

B. a) 70 incidents; b) 96 incidents; c) The combined measures give a greater reduction, 26 incidents fewer than using police patrols alone.

C. a) 67 incidents; b) 94 incidents; c) The combined measures give a greater reduction, 27 incidents fewer than using police patrols alone.

Correct D. a) 67 incidents; b) 96 incidents; c) The combined measures give a greater reduction, 29 incidents fewer than using police patrols alone.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 4 View Details

Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that ‘No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence…'. Article 14 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights provides a similar protection but also obliges states to ‘take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of the privacy of individuals'. Which instrument offers broader protection for the right to privacy, and why?

A. Both instruments provide equal protection; the UDHR prohibits interference while the African Charter merely recommends protective measures.

Correct B. The African Charter offers broader protection because, in addition to prohibiting interference, it imposes a positive duty on states to take measures that protect individuals' privacy.

C. The UDHR offers broader protection because it explicitly defines privacy rights and includes enforcement mechanisms.

D. The African Charter offers broader protection because it includes economic, social, and cultural rights alongside privacy.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5 View Details

A public officer receives a bribe of $\text{₦}100{,}000$. If the officer invests the money in a scheme that yields a 15 % annual return, the profit is subject to a 10 % income tax and, if the bribery is discovered, a penalty equal to 5 % of the total amount (principal + profit). Assume the probability of being caught within the year is 0.2. (a) What is the expected net profit after one year, taking into account tax and the expected penalty? (b) The officer's annual salary is $\text{₦}150{,}000$. Compare the expected net profit with the salary and state whether the expected financial gain from the bribe exceeds the salary.

A. a) Expected net profit = ₦13,500. b) The expected profit is slightly less than the salary of ₦150,000, so it does not exceed the salary.

B. a) Expected net profit = ₦10,200. b) The expected profit is far less than the salary of ₦150,000, so it does not exceed the salary.

C. a) Expected net profit = ₦12,350. b) The expected profit exceeds the salary of ₦150,000, so it does exceed the salary.

Correct D. a) Expected net profit = ₦12,350. b) The expected profit is much less than the salary of ₦150,000, so it does not exceed the salary.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 6 View Details

A citizen rates the importance of honesty as 8 and loyalty as 6 on a scale of 1 to 10. If the overall civic virtue score is the arithmetic mean of these two values, what is the overall score?

Correct A. 7

B. 6

C. 8

D. 14

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7 View Details

Under the anti‑corruption law, the monetary penalty for each offence consists of a percentage of the official's annual salary plus half of the bribe amount received for that offence. The percentages are 2 % for the first offence, 5 % for the second, and 10 % for the third. An official earning an annual salary of $\text{₦}5{,}000{,}000$ was convicted of two prior offences with bribes of $\text{₦}100{,}000$ and $\text{₦}150{,}000$ respectively, and is now charged with a third offence involving a bribe of $\text{₦}200{,}000$. If the total monetary penalty exceeds $\text{₦}500{,}000$, a surcharge of 10 % is added to the total. What is the final total monetary penalty payable by the official?

A. 1430000

B. 1128750

C. 1075000

Correct D. 1182500

Correct Answer: D

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Question 8 View Details

In a country with 12 million eligible voters, 60 % are registered. Of the registered voters, 75 % voted in the last election. A civic‑education campaign later registers an additional 8 % of the total eligible voters and, among these new registrants, 60 % turn out to vote. After the campaign, what is the overall voter‑turnout percentage (voted ÷ eligible voters) expressed to one decimal place?

A. 52.0

B. 45.6

Correct C. 49.8

D. 48.0

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9 View Details

A citizen has fulfilled 3 out of the 5 civic duties expected of a responsible citizen. What fraction of the duties has the citizen fulfilled?

A. 3\/4

B. 2\/5

C. 4\/5

Correct D. 3/5

Correct Answer: D

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Question 10 View Details

A driver is travelling 20 % above the speed limit of $50\ \text{km/h}$. The driver's reaction time is 1.5 s. The road has a coefficient of friction $\mu = 0.7$ and the acceleration due to gravity is $g = 9.8\ \text{m/s}^2$. The stopping distance is the sum of the reaction distance $v\times t_r$ and the braking distance $\dfrac{v^2}{2\mu g}$. Can the driver stop safely within a 30‑metre distance to a red light? Answer "Yes" if possible, otherwise "No".

Correct A. No

B. Yes

C. Possibly

D. Maybe

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11 View Details

In a community water‑allocation dispute, three groups (A, B and C) report their initial satisfaction with the existing arrangement as $40\%$, $30\%$ and $20\%$ respectively. After a mediated negotiation, each group's satisfaction increases by $25\%$ of its remaining dissatisfaction. After the implementation stage, satisfaction further increases by $10\%$ of the remaining dissatisfaction. What is the average satisfaction of the three groups after all stages, expressed to two decimal places?

A. 51.25

B. 50.00

Correct C. 52.75

D. 53.00

Correct Answer: C

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Question 12 View Details

A constitutional amendment requires a two‑thirds majority in both the lower house ($90$ members) and the upper house ($60$ members), and ratification by at least half of the $36$ states. In a recent vote, $58$ lower‑house members and $38$ upper‑house members voted in favour, and $12$ states ratified the amendment. Did the amendment pass? Answer "Yes" or "No".

Correct A. No

B. Yes - it met the requirements

C. Yes, it passed

D. Yes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13 View Details

State one fundamental right guaranteed by the constitution and one corresponding duty of citizens, separating the two answers with a semicolon.

A. Right to education; Serve on a jury

B. Freedom of religion; Vote in elections

Correct C. Freedom of speech; Pay taxes

D. Right to privacy; Obey traffic laws

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14 View Details

According to civic‑education guidelines, citizens aged 18-30 must complete $40$ hours of community service every 5 years, ages 31-45 must complete $30$ hours, and ages 46 and above must complete $20$ hours. A $28$-year‑old citizen has already completed $12$ hours in the current period, and a $38$-year‑old citizen has completed $18$ hours. How many additional hours must each citizen complete to meet the requirement? Provide the answer in the form "28‑year‑old: X hours; 38‑year‑old: Y hours".

A. 28-year-old: 28 hours; 38-year-old: 15 hours

B. 28-year-old: 20 hours; 38-year-old: 15 hours

Correct C. 28-year-old: 28 hours; 38-year-old: 12 hours

D. 28-year-old: 30 hours; 38-year-old: 10 hours

Correct Answer: C

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Question 15 View Details

Four statements about the rule of law are given:\n\n1. The law applies equally to all citizens, including government officials.\n2. Laws can be changed arbitrarily by the executive without parliamentary approval.\n3. Judicial decisions are final and cannot be appealed.\n4. Legal processes must be transparent and accessible to the public.\n\nHow many of these statements are correct? Provide the number.

Correct A. 2

B. 1

C. 3

D. 0

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16 View Details

Parliament of Country Y has 180 members. A bill was passed with 108 votes in favour. The president vetoes the bill. To override the veto, at least $\frac{2}{3}$ of all members must vote in favour. Alternatively, the president may refer the bill to the constitutional court, which consists of 7 judges; a majority of at least 4 judges must find the bill unconstitutional to strike it down. The parliament can propose a single amendment to the bill before the court hearing; the amendment is adopted if at least a simple majority of the judges (i.e., 4) support it, after which the bill is no longer unconstitutional. Assuming the parliament wants to keep the bill, which option requires fewer additional supporters, and how many are needed in that option?

A. 3 judges

B. 6 judges

C. 5 judges

Correct D. 4 judges

Correct Answer: D

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Question 17 View Details

A local government has a total budget of $\text{₦}12,000,000$ for public services. The allocation rule states that $40\%$ must go to health, $35\%$ to education, and the remainder to infrastructure. Due to a sudden disease outbreak, the health department requests an additional $5\%$ of the total budget, which must be taken equally from the education and infrastructure allocations. After this reallocation, what percentage of the original total budget does the infrastructure sector receive?

A. 30\%

B. 25\%

C. 20\%

Correct D. 22.5\%

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18 View Details

In a constituency with 80,000 registered voters, a candidate must satisfy two conditions to be elected: (i) obtain at least $25\%$ of the total number of registered voters, and (ii) obtain a simple majority (more than $50\%$) of the votes actually cast. In the recent election the voter turnout was $68\%$. What is the minimum number of votes a candidate must receive to meet both conditions?

A. 28,000 votes

B. 20,001 votes

C. 27,200 votes

Correct D. 27,201 votes

Correct Answer: D

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Question 19 View Details

In a country using a proportional representation system with a $5\%$ electoral threshold and 100 seats, the parties received the following vote shares: Party A $42\%$, Party B $28\%$, Party C $4\%$, and independent candidates $26\%$. Seats are allocated only to parties that pass the threshold, using the D'Hondt method. How many seats does Party B receive?

A. 45 seats

B. 28 seats

Correct C. 40 seats

D. 35 seats

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20 View Details

A government agency implements an anti‑corruption programme that includes random audits. Each year, $10\%$ of the agency's 200 contracts are selected for audit. The probability that a corrupt contract is detected during an audit is $0.8$. Historically, $15\%$ of all contracts are corrupt. If a corrupt contract that is not detected results in a loss of $\text{₦}5,000,000$, while a detected corrupt contract leads to a fine of $\text{₦}7,000,000$ (paid by the contractor) and the loss is avoided. Assuming the audit outcomes are independent, calculate the expected net financial impact (loss minus fines recovered) for the agency in a year.

A. ₦133,200,000

B. ₦108,000,000

C. ₦115,200,000

Correct D. ₦121,200,000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21 View Details

A driver was charged with three offences on the same day: (i) driving at $20$ km/h over the speed limit in a residential area, (ii) failing to stop at a red traffic light, and (iii) using a handheld mobile phone while driving. Under the Traffic Regulation Act, the demerit points for these offences are as follows: the first offence carries $3$ points; the second offence carries twice the points of the first offence; the third offence carries $5$ points. If a driver accumulates $12$ or more points within a $12$-month period, the licence is suspended for $6$ months; if the total reaches $18$ or more points, the suspension is for $12$ months. Assuming the driver had already accumulated $7$ points earlier in the year, determine the length of licence suspension resulting from the new offences.

A. 6

B. 0

C. 18

Correct D. 12

Correct Answer: D

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Question 22 View Details

Two drug‑prevention programmes are being evaluated. Programme A reduces drug‑use prevalence from $30\%$ to $18\%$ after six months and costs $\$200$ per participant. Programme B reduces prevalence from $30\%$ to $15\%$ after twelve months and costs $\$350$ per participant. Which programme is more cost‑effective in terms of cost per percentage‑point reduction in prevalence?

Correct A. Programme A

B. Both programmes are equally cost-effective

C. Neither programme is cost-effective

D. Programme B

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23 View Details

Which of the following civic responsibilities is exercised exclusively at the federal level?\n\n(a) Paying income tax\n(b) Voting in local council elections\n(c) Serving on a jury\n(d) Obeying traffic laws\n(e) Defending the nation in the armed forces

A. Serving on a jury

B. Voting in local council elections

Correct C. Defending the nation in the armed forces

D. Paying income tax

Correct Answer: C

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Question 24 View Details

A school applies a three‑stage anti‑cultism policy to each offending student. Stage 1: mandatory counselling (probability of re‑offending after this stage = $0.6$). Stage 2: community service of $40$ hours (for those who re‑offended, probability of re‑offending after this stage = $0.3$). Stage 3: revocation of student privileges for $2$ semesters (for those who re‑offended again, probability of re‑offending after this stage = $0.1$). If the policy is applied to $50$ students, how many are expected to **not** re‑offend after all three stages?

Correct A. 49

B. 50

C. 48

D. 47

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25 View Details

In a $100$-seat legislature, three parties obtain the following vote shares: Party X $40\%$, Party Y $35\%$, Party Z $25\%$. Under a first‑past‑the‑post (FPTP) system, the parties win $30$, $20$ and $10$ seats respectively. Under a proportional‑representation (PR) system, seats are allocated exactly in proportion to the vote shares (rounded to the nearest whole seat). Which system yields a more proportional outcome?

A. Mixed-member proportional

B. First-past-the-post

C. Majoritarian system

Correct D. Proportional representation

Correct Answer: D

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