gce model questions vol1 2017 civic_education | Essay

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Question 1 View Details
Personal values shape the way individuals behave in a democratic society. Using this premise, answer the following.
Question Parts
(a)
Define ‘personal values’ and give two concrete examples that are commonly found among Nigerian citizens.
(b)
Explain how personal values influence the civic participation of citizens, particularly in voting and community service.
(c)
Evaluate the possible impact on national cohesion when citizens hold strongly conflicting personal values.
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Question 2 View Details
A newly elected local council in a Nigerian town is reviewing its waste‑management strategy. The council has prepared three options:
Question Parts
(a)
List the three waste‑management options under consideration.
(b)
For each option, assess the following:
() How well the option respects the citizens’ right to a clean and healthy environment.
() The responsibilities placed on the council and on the citizens.
() The potential long‑term sustainability of the option.
(c)
Recommend the most appropriate option for the town and justify your choice using at least two of the criteria examined in part b.
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Question 3 View Details
The Federal Government has recently introduced the Public Demonstration Act (PDA) which requires any public assembly of more than ten persons to obtain a police permit at least 30 days before the event. The Act also gives the police authority to refuse a permit if the assembly is deemed likely to cause public disorder.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify the right(s) in the 1999 Nigerian Constitution and the relevant international human‑rights instruments that are directly affected by the PDA.
(b)
Analyse whether the restrictions imposed by the PDA are permissible under the limitation clause of the right to freedom of assembly. In your analysis consider the criteria of legality, necessity and proportionality.
(c)
Recommend two measures the government could adopt to ensure the PDA complies with human‑rights standards while still addressing public‑order concerns.
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Question 4 View Details
In recent local elections, voter turnout among first‑time voters (aged 18‑25) fell to 42 %, compared with an overall turnout of 68 %.
Question Parts
(a)
Discuss three civic responsibilities that are particularly relevant to first‑time voters in a democratic society.
(b)
Evaluate two possible social or political consequences of the low participation of this age group.
(c)
Propose three practical strategies that civil society organisations could implement to increase voter engagement among first‑time voters.
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Question 5 View Details
Country X has recently held its first free elections after a prolonged period of military rule. The new government is committed to consolidating democratic governance.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain the core principles that underpin a democratic system and illustrate how each principle contributes to accountable governance.
(b)
Identify and discuss two major challenges that Country X is likely to face in deepening democratic practice during its first decade.
(c)
Propose three specific measures the government and civil society could adopt to enhance citizen participation and strengthen democratic institutions. Justify each measure.
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Question 6 View Details
In Country Y, a senior minister has invoked constitutional immunity to avoid prosecution for alleged corruption. The opposition and civil society have protested, claiming the action undermines the rule of law.
Question Parts
(a)
Define the rule of law and distinguish it from the rule of man.
(b)
Analyse the potential consequences for governance and public trust if the principle of the rule of law is not upheld in this case.
(c)
Recommend two actions that the judiciary and civil society could take to reinforce the rule of law in Country Y, explaining how each action addresses the problem.
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Question 7 View Details
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria establishes the framework for governance, including the principles of federalism, separation of powers, and amendment procedures. Using this framework, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Explain how the principle of federalism is embodied in the Nigerian Constitution and its importance for national unity.
(b)
Discuss the significance of the separation of powers in ensuring accountability of public officers.
(c)
Evaluate how the constitutional amendment procedure balances the need for flexibility with the need for stability.
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Question 8 View Details
National identity in Nigeria is shaped by language, religion and cultural heritage. Using relevant examples, analyse the role of these factors in forging a cohesive national identity, considering both their unifying and divisive potentials.
Question Parts
(a)
Identify three major languages spoken in Nigeria and discuss how language policy can promote national unity.
(b)
Examine the influence of religious diversity on national cohesion, citing specific historical events that illustrate both unity and tension.
(c)
Propose two policy measures that could strengthen a shared national identity while respecting cultural diversity, and justify their likely effectiveness.
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Question 9 View Details
Political participation is a cornerstone of democratic governance. In the context of Nigeria, discuss the significance of political participation and the factors that influence it.
Question Parts
(a)
Explain how voting in regular elections contributes to the legitimacy of a democratic government.
(b)
Evaluate two non‑electoral forms of political participation (e.g., protests, community meetings) and assess their impact on public policy formulation.
(c)
Analyse the main challenges that limit youth participation in Nigerian politics and propose two realistic measures to enhance their involvement.
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Question 10 View Details
Public service plays a pivotal role in national development. Examine the nature, values and accountability mechanisms of public service in Nigeria.
Question Parts
(a)
Define public service and distinguish it from private‑sector services.
(b)
Discuss three core values expected of public servants and explain how each value contributes to good governance.
(c)
Using the 2022 Nigerian National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) reform as a case study, assess its effectiveness in improving health‑service delivery, citing at least two performance indicators.
(d)
Suggest two strategies that could strengthen accountability within the Nigerian public service.
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