city guilds model questions vol1 2018 engineering | Practical

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Question 1 View Details
A rectangular steel plate is to be used as a base for a machine. The plate is measured as follows: - Length measured with a steel rule: 1.200 m, least count 0.5 mm. - Width measured with a vernier caliper: 0.420 m, least count 0.02 mm. The design specification requires the plate to have a minimum usable area of 0.500 m². Using the given data, determine the plate’s suitability.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the measured area of the plate.
(b)
Determine the percentage uncertainty in the measured area and express the result as A ± ΔA (m²).
(c)
State whether the plate meets the specification, taking the uncertainty into account.
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Question 2 View Details
A small solar water‑heater is tested in the laboratory. The following data are recorded: - Mass of water in the collector tank: 2.5 kg. - Initial water temperature: 22.0 °C. - Final water temperature after exposure: 38.5 °C. - Exposure time: 45 min. - Solar irradiance measured by a pyranometer: 800 W m⁻². - Collector area: 0.80 m². The specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J kg⁻¹ °C⁻¹. Using the data, evaluate the performance of the heater.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the thermal energy absorbed by the water (in kJ).
(b)
Determine the heater’s overall efficiency as a percentage.
(c)
Identify two plausible sources of error that could affect the calculated efficiency.
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Question 3 View Details
A wooden block of mass 2.0 kg is placed on an inclined plane that is 2.0 m long and rises 0.5 m vertically. Using a spring balance, the following observations are recorded: • On a horizontal surface the force required to start the block moving is 5.0 N. • With the plane set to its inclined position, the force required to pull the block up the plane at constant speed is 12.0 N.
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the coefficient of static friction (μs) from the horizontal experiment and the coefficient of kinetic friction (μk) from the inclined‑plane experiment.
(b)
Using the value of μk obtained, calculate the minimum pulling force required to move the block up a similar plane that makes an angle of 20° with the horizontal.
(c)
State two possible sources of error that could affect the values of μs and μk obtained in the experiments.
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Question 4 View Details
A copper wire of length 10.0 m and diameter 0.5 mm is connected to a 6.0 V battery as shown in the circuit diagram. The ammeter in series reads 4.5 A and the voltmeter across the wire reads 4.0 V. The temperature of the wire during the measurement is 35 °C.
Question Parts
(a)
Calculate the resistance of the wire from the recorded readings.
(b)
Determine the resistivity of the copper wire using the resistance found in part (a).
(c)
Given that the standard resistivity of copper at 20 °C is 1.68 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m, calculate the temperature coefficient of resistance (α) for the wire.
(d)
Suggest two practical measures that could improve the accuracy of the resistance measurement.
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Question 5 View Details
A cylindrical steel rod is to be tested for its tensile properties using a universal testing machine. The rod is nominally 300 mm long. Its diameter is measured at three points along its length and recorded as 12.02 mm, 11.98 mm and 12.00 mm. The rod is then loaded gradually until fracture. The following load‑extension data are obtained (the load is the reading on the machine, the extension is the increase in gauge length measured with a vernier caliper). After fracture the two pieces are laid end‑to‑end and the total length is measured as 340 mm. | Extension (mm) | Load (N) | |----------------|----------| | 0.3 | 22 500 | | 0.6 | 45 000 | | 0.9 | 65 000 | | 1.2 | 80 000 | | 1.5 | 90 000 | | 2.0 | 100 000 | | 2.5 | 105 000 | | 3.0 | 108 000 | Using this information, answer the following:
Question Parts
(a)
Determine the average diameter of the rod and calculate its cross‑sectional area. Give the area in mm² and in m².
(b)
For each load, calculate the engineering stress (σ = F/A). Present the results in a table showing stress in MPa.
(c)
Draw the engineering stress‑strain curve using the data. From the linear portion (up to 0.2 % strain) determine the Young’s modulus (E) and show the calculation.
(d)
State the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the rod and calculate the percent elongation after fracture.
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